Climate of Paris
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Paris has a typical oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb), affected by the North Atlantic Current. The overall climate throughout the year is mild and moderately wet.[1] Summer days are usually warm and pleasant with average temperatures between 15 and 25 °C (59 and 77 °F), and a fair amount of sunshine.[2] Each year, however, there are a few days when the temperature rises above 32 °C (90 °F). Longer periods of more intense heat sometimes occur, such as the heat wave of 2003 when temperatures exceeded 30 °C (86 °F) for weeks, reached 40 °C (104 °F) on some days and seldom cooled down at night.[3] Spring and autumn have, on average, mild days and cool nights but are changing and unstable. Surprisingly warm or cool weather occurs frequently in both seasons.[4] In winter, sunshine is scarce; days are cool, nights cold but generally above freezing with low temperatures around 3 °C (37 °F).[5] Light night frosts are however quite common, but the temperature will rarely dip below −5 °C (23 °F) and not every year. Snow falls every year, but rarely stays on the ground. The city sometimes sees light snow or flurries with or without accumulation.[6] Paris has an average annual precipitation of 641 mm (25.2 in), and experiences light rainfall distributed evenly throughout the year. However the city is known for intermittent abrupt heavy showers.
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Paris has a rich history of meteorological observations, with some going back as far as 1665. The highest recorded temperature is 42.6 °C (108.7 °F) on 25 July 2019,[7] and the lowest is −23.9 °C (−11.0 °F) on 10 December 1879.[8] Furthermore, the warmest night on record is 27.5 °C (81.5 °F) on 27 June 1772 and the coldest day is −13.0 °C (8.6 °F) on 30 December 1788.[9]
| Climate data for Paris (Parc Montsouris), elevation: 75 m (246 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1872–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.1 (61.0) |
21.4 (70.5) |
26.0 (78.8) |
30.2 (86.4) |
34.8 (94.6) |
37.6 (99.7) |
42.6 (108.7) |
39.5 (103.1) |
36.2 (97.2) |
28.9 (84.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
17.1 (62.8) |
42.6 (108.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.6 (45.7) |
8.8 (47.8) |
12.8 (55.0) |
16.6 (61.9) |
20.2 (68.4) |
23.4 (74.1) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.6 (78.1) |
21.5 (70.7) |
16.5 (61.7) |
11.1 (52.0) |
8.0 (46.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) |
6.0 (42.8) |
9.2 (48.6) |
12.2 (54.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
20.8 (69.4) |
17.2 (63.0) |
13.2 (55.8) |
8.7 (47.7) |
5.9 (42.6) |
12.8 (55.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.2 (37.8) |
3.3 (37.9) |
5.6 (42.1) |
7.9 (46.2) |
11.1 (52.0) |
14.2 (57.6) |
16.2 (61.2) |
16.0 (60.8) |
13.0 (55.4) |
9.9 (49.8) |
6.2 (43.2) |
3.8 (38.8) |
9.2 (48.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −14.6 (5.7) |
−14.7 (5.5) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
3.1 (37.6) |
6.0 (42.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−14.0 (6.8) |
−23.9 (−11.0) |
−23.9 (−11.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 47.6 (1.87) |
41.8 (1.65) |
45.2 (1.78) |
45.8 (1.80) |
69.0 (2.72) |
51.3 (2.02) |
59.4 (2.34) |
58.0 (2.28) |
44.7 (1.76) |
55.2 (2.17) |
54.3 (2.14) |
62.0 (2.44) |
634.3 (24.97) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.9 | 9.1 | 9.5 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 8.3 | 7.4 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 9.5 | 10.4 | 11.4 | 108.9 |
| Average snowy days | 3.0 | 3.9 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 11.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 83 | 78 | 73 | 69 | 70 | 69 | 68 | 71 | 76 | 82 | 84 | 84 | 76 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 59.0 | 83.7 | 134.9 | 177.3 | 201.0 | 203.5 | 222.4 | 215.3 | 174.7 | 118.6 | 69.8 | 56.9 | 1,717 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 22 | 29 | 37 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 46 | 48 | 46 | 35 | 25 | 22 | 37 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Source 1: Meteo France (snow days 1981–2010),[10] Infoclimat.fr (relative humidity 1961–1990)[11] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather Atlas (percent sunshine and UV Index)[12] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Paris (Jardin du Luxembourg, 1991-2020 normals, elevation: 46m, extremes 1978-present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.5 (63.5) |
22.9 (73.2) |
27.3 (81.1) |
31.5 (88.7) |
36.0 (96.8) |
37.6 (99.7) |
41.9 (107.4) |
40.2 (104.4) |
35.7 (96.3) |
30.7 (87.3) |
22.5 (72.5) |
17.5 (63.5) |
41.9 (107.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.2 (46.8) |
9.7 (49.5) |
13.7 (56.7) |
17.5 (63.5) |
21.0 (69.8) |
24.1 (75.4) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.5 (79.7) |
22.7 (72.9) |
17.5 (63.5) |
11.8 (53.2) |
8.5 (47.3) |
17.3 (63.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) |
6.6 (43.9) |
9.6 (49.3) |
12.7 (54.9) |
16.0 (60.8) |
19.1 (66.4) |
21.3 (70.3) |
21.2 (70.2) |
17.7 (63.9) |
13.7 (56.7) |
9.1 (48.4) |
6.2 (43.2) |
13.2 (55.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) |
3.5 (38.3) |
5.6 (42.1) |
7.8 (46.0) |
11.0 (51.8) |
14.1 (57.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
15.8 (60.4) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.9 (49.8) |
6.4 (43.5) |
4.0 (39.2) |
9.2 (48.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −13.8 (7.2) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
2.3 (36.1) |
6.1 (43.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
8.6 (47.5) |
5.0 (41.0) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−13.8 (7.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 51 (2.0) |
45 (1.8) |
46 (1.8) |
49 (1.9) |
75 (3.0) |
54 (2.1) |
57 (2.2) |
59 (2.3) |
49 (1.9) |
57 (2.2) |
58 (2.3) |
67 (2.6) |
667 (26.3) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.9 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 8.6 | 9.4 | 8.5 | 7.1 | 8.1 | 7.7 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 11.7 | 111.7 |
| Source: Meteociel[13] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Paris (Orly Airport), 1991–2020 normals, elevation: 89 m, extremes 1921–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.5 (61.7) |
20.8 (69.4) |
25.3 (77.5) |
29.4 (84.9) |
35.0 (95.0) |
37.1 (98.8) |
41.9 (107.4) |
40.0 (104.0) |
35.4 (95.7) |
31.3 (88.3) |
21.8 (71.2) |
17.3 (63.1) |
41.9 (107.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.2 (45.0) |
8.5 (47.3) |
12.5 (54.5) |
16.2 (61.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.7 (78.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
16.4 (61.5) |
10.9 (51.6) |
7.6 (45.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.7 (40.5) |
5.2 (41.4) |
8.3 (46.9) |
11.3 (52.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
18.2 (64.8) |
20.4 (68.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
12.6 (54.7) |
7.9 (46.2) |
5.2 (41.4) |
12.1 (53.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.1 (35.8) |
2.0 (35.6) |
4.2 (39.6) |
6.4 (43.5) |
9.9 (49.8) |
13.1 (55.6) |
15.0 (59.0) |
14.6 (58.3) |
11.5 (52.7) |
8.7 (47.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
2.7 (36.9) |
7.9 (46.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −16.8 (1.8) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
3.1 (37.6) |
6.7 (44.1) |
5.6 (42.1) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
−16.8 (1.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 46.8 (1.84) |
42.6 (1.68) |
44.4 (1.75) |
44.5 (1.75) |
63.0 (2.48) |
56.1 (2.21) |
52.9 (2.08) |
57.9 (2.28) |
47.4 (1.87) |
52.8 (2.08) |
53.4 (2.10) |
60.4 (2.38) |
622.2 (24.50) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.5 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 8.4 | 7.0 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 9.3 | 10.3 | 11.6 | 108.6 |
| Average snowy days | 3.6 | 4.3 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 13.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 86 | 80 | 76 | 76 | 72 | 71 | 70 | 71 | 77 | 83 | 86 | 86 | 77.5 |
| Source 1: Meteo France[14] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity 1961–1990)[15] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Paris (Le Bourget Airport), elevation: 65 m, 1961-1990 normals and extremes | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) |
19.9 (67.8) |
23.6 (74.5) |
27.0 (80.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
36.9 (98.4) |
37.3 (99.1) |
33.1 (91.6) |
28.6 (83.5) |
20.0 (68.0) |
17.2 (63.0) |
37.3 (99.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.5 (43.7) |
7.6 (45.7) |
10.6 (51.1) |
14.2 (57.6) |
17.9 (64.2) |
21.4 (70.5) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.4 (61.5) |
10.0 (50.0) |
7.0 (44.6) |
15.0 (58.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) |
4.6 (40.3) |
6.9 (44.4) |
9.7 (49.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
16.2 (61.2) |
18.3 (64.9) |
18.1 (64.6) |
15.7 (60.3) |
11.9 (53.4) |
6.9 (44.4) |
4.6 (40.3) |
10.8 (51.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) |
1.5 (34.7) |
3.1 (37.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
8.3 (46.9) |
11.2 (52.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
12.7 (54.9) |
11.0 (51.8) |
7.7 (45.9) |
3.7 (38.7) |
1.9 (35.4) |
6.7 (44.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −18.2 (−0.8) |
−13.6 (7.5) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
2.8 (37.0) |
4.5 (40.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
1.5 (34.7) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 56.4 (2.22) |
43.2 (1.70) |
52.3 (2.06) |
44.5 (1.75) |
66.6 (2.62) |
60.9 (2.40) |
49.2 (1.94) |
45.8 (1.80) |
44.0 (1.73) |
49.5 (1.95) |
55.9 (2.20) |
49.2 (1.94) |
617.5 (24.31) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 9.0 | 10.5 | 9.0 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 112 |
| Average snowy days | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 | 10.5 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 55.6 | 87.5 | 129.4 | 172.8 | 201.4 | 218.8 | 239.1 | 221.1 | 172.3 | 125.9 | 75.2 | 50.6 | 1,749.7 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 21.0 | 31.0 | 36.0 | 42.0 | 43.0 | 46.0 | 46.0 | 46.0 | 46.0 | 38.0 | 28.0 | 20.0 | 36.9 |
| Source: NOAA[16] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Paris (Château de Bagatelle,16th arrondissement of Paris) (elevation: 36 m, 1981–2010 averages, extremes 1988−2014) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.5 (61.7) |
22.0 (71.6) |
26.0 (78.8) |
31.0 (87.8) |
33.0 (91.4) |
38.0 (100.4) |
38.5 (101.3) |
40.5 (104.9) |
34.5 (94.1) |
33.0 (91.4) |
23.5 (74.3) |
17.7 (63.9) |
40.5 (104.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.1 (46.6) |
9.6 (49.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
16.8 (62.2) |
21.3 (70.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.4 (79.5) |
22.1 (71.8) |
17.1 (62.8) |
11.2 (52.2) |
7.8 (46.0) |
17.1 (62.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) |
6.1 (43.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
11.6 (52.9) |
15.8 (60.4) |
18.5 (65.3) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
16.8 (62.2) |
12.9 (55.2) |
8.1 (46.6) |
5.3 (41.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) |
2.6 (36.7) |
4.7 (40.5) |
6.3 (43.3) |
10.3 (50.5) |
12.9 (55.2) |
14.9 (58.8) |
14.7 (58.5) |
11.5 (52.7) |
8.7 (47.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
8.1 (46.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.0 (10.4) |
−13.0 (8.6) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
1.5 (34.7) |
4.0 (39.2) |
7.0 (44.6) |
6.5 (43.7) |
4.0 (39.2) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
−13.0 (8.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 52.9 (2.08) |
43.3 (1.70) |
48.0 (1.89) |
49.4 (1.94) |
64.1 (2.52) |
53.2 (2.09) |
58.9 (2.32) |
51.0 (2.01) |
48.1 (1.89) |
60.8 (2.39) |
51.9 (2.04) |
58.4 (2.30) |
640.0 (25.20) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.6 | 9.3 | 10.6 | 9.5 | 10.0 | 8.7 | 8.2 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 10.0 | 10.5 | 11.6 | 114.1 |
| Source: Meteociel[17] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Paris (Batignolles,17th arrondissement of Paris) (elevation: 45 m, 1981–2010 averages, extremes 1990−2015) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.5 (61.7) |
18.5 (65.3) |
25.0 (77.0) |
28.5 (83.3) |
31.0 (87.8) |
37.5 (99.5) |
37.5 (99.5) |
39.0 (102.2) |
32.0 (89.6) |
29.0 (84.2) |
20.5 (68.9) |
16.5 (61.7) |
39.0 (102.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.7 (45.9) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.9 (55.2) |
16.4 (61.5) |
20.3 (68.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.7 (78.3) |
21.7 (71.1) |
16.8 (62.2) |
11.2 (52.2) |
7.7 (45.9) |
16.6 (61.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.5 (41.9) |
6.3 (43.3) |
9.5 (49.1) |
12.3 (54.1) |
15.9 (60.6) |
18.8 (65.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
21.1 (70.0) |
17.4 (63.3) |
13.7 (56.7) |
8.9 (48.0) |
5.7 (42.3) |
13.0 (55.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) |
3.7 (38.7) |
6.1 (43.0) |
8.2 (46.8) |
11.6 (52.9) |
14.3 (57.7) |
16.4 (61.5) |
16.6 (61.9) |
13.3 (55.9) |
10.4 (50.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
3.7 (38.7) |
9.6 (49.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.0 (10.4) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
3.5 (38.3) |
6.0 (42.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−12.0 (10.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 47.4 (1.87) |
40.5 (1.59) |
44.3 (1.74) |
48.5 (1.91) |
65.5 (2.58) |
50.0 (1.97) |
61.2 (2.41) |
50.1 (1.97) |
49.9 (1.96) |
60.1 (2.37) |
46.5 (1.83) |
58.4 (2.30) |
622.4 (24.50) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.1 | 9.0 | 10.2 | 8.8 | 10.0 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 7.9 | 9.2 | 9.6 | 10.6 | 108.4 |
| Source: Meteociel[18] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Paris | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average Ultraviolet index | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3.8 |
| Source: Weather Atlas[12] | |||||||||||||
References
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