Columbimorphae

Columbimorphae is a clade/superorder discovered by genome analysis that includes birds of the orders Columbiformes (pigeons and doves), Pterocliformes (sandgrouse), and Mesitornithiformes (mesites).^[2][3] This group was defined in the PhyloCode by George Sangster and colleagues in 2022 as "the least inclusive crown clade containing Columba oenas, Mesitornis variegatus, and Pterocles alchata".^[4] Previous analyses had also recovered this grouping,^[5][6][7] although the exact relationships differed. Some studies indicated a sister relationship between sandgrouse and pigeons (the traditional view)^[6][8][9] while other studies favored a sister grouping of mesites and sandgrouse instead.^[7] This sister relationship of the sandgrouses and mesites was named by George Sangster and colleagues in 2022 as the clade Pteroclimesites and defined in the PhyloCode as "the least inclusive crown clade containing Mesitornis variegatus and Pterocles alchata".^[4]

Columbimorphae	Columbiformes (pigeons and doves) Pteroclimesites Pterocliformes (sandgrouse) Mesitornithiformes (mesites)

Columbimorphae Temporal range: Eocene–Holocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Pin-tailed sandgrouse (Pterocles alchata)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Neoaves
Clade:	Columbimorphae Latham, 1790
Clades
Columbiformes (pigeons and doves) Cuculiformes (cuckoos)? Pteroclimesites Sangster et al., 2022[1] Pterocliformes (sandgrouses) Mesitornithiformes (mesites)

In 2020 Kuhl et al. sequenced 3-prime untranslated region (3’UTR) from 429 species and 379 genera of birds.They have found that cuckoos are the sister group to pigeons within Columbimorphae as shown in the cladogram below:^[10]

Columbimorphae	Columbiformes (pigeons and doves) Cuculiformes (cuckoos) Pteroclimesites Mesitornithiformes (mesites) Pterocliformes (sandgrouse)

This is unlike most studies, which consider cuckoos to be related to turacos and bustards (part of the clade Otidimorphae). The six orders in Columbimorphae and Otidimorphae are sometimes considered to form a clade, Columbaves.