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Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays
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The following table compares cathode-ray tube (CRT), liquid-crystal display (LCD), plasma and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device technologies. These are the most often used technologies for television and computer displays. A less detailed comparison of a wider variety of display technologies is available at Comparison of display technology.
More information TechnologyParameter, CRT ...
Technology Parameter |
CRT | LCD | Plasma | OLED |
---|---|---|---|---|
Static contrast ratio | Finite or infinite[citation needed] | 150 to 8,100:1[citation needed] | Typically 1,000:1 - 3,000:1, Some models measured up to 20,333:1[citation needed] | "Between 0.0001 and 0.00001 nits" "Sony claims an OLED contrast range of 1,000,000:1."[1] |
Peak luminosity | Dependent on the anode voltage and area of the scanning region[citation needed] | Dependent on the backlight and not the panel, typically 200–4,000 cd/m2[2][3] | 50–200 cd/m2[citation needed] | 100–1500 cd/m2[4] often significantly varying based on average picture level[5] |
Color depth | Unlimited[6] | 6- to 10-bit per subpixel panels;[7] smaller dot pitch, better detail[8] | 6- to 8-bit per subpixel panels | 8- to 10-bit per subpixel, with some HDR models capable of 12-bit per subpixel.[9] |
Response time | 0.01 ms[10] to less than 1 μs,[11] but limited by phosphor decay time (around 5 ms)[12] | 1–8 ms typical (according to manufacturer data), older units could be as slow as 35 ms[13] | Typically less than 0.01 ms, as low as 2 μs,[10][14] but limited by phosphor decay time (around 5 ms) | Estimates varying from under 0.01 ms to as low as 1 μs.[15][16] |
Frame rate (refresh rate) | 60–85 fps typically, some CRTs can go even higher (200 fps at reduced resolution[17]); internally, display refreshed at input frame rate speed |
60 fps typically, some gaming monitors can do up to 540 fps; internally, display refreshed at up to 540 fps[18][19] |
60 fps typically, some can do 120 fps; internally, display refreshed at e.g. 480 or 600 fps[20] |
60 fps typically. Up to 480 fps.[21] |
Flicker | Perceptible on lower refresh rates (60 fps and below)[22] | Depends; in 2013 most LCDs used PWM (strobing) to dim the backlight[23] However, since then many flicker free LCD computer monitors were introduced.[24] | Does not normally occur due to a high refresh rate higher than FPS[25] | Does not normally occur at 100% brightness level. At levels below 100% flicker often occurs with frequencies between 60 and 255 Hz, since often pulse-width modulation is used to dim OLED screens.[26][27] |
Risk of image persistence or burn-in | High[28] | Low[28] | High[28] | High[29] |
Energy consumption and heat generation | High[30] | Low[30] |
Usually higher than LCD[31][32][33][34] | OLED displays use 40% of the power of an LCD displaying an image that is primarily black as they lack the need for a backlight,[35] while OLED can use more than three times as much power to display a mostly white image compared to an LCD.[36]
|
Environmental influences | Sensitive to ambient magnetic fields, which can adversely affect convergence and color purity. | Prone to malfunctions on both low (below −20 °C, −4 °F) or high (above 45 °C, 113 °F) temperatures[37] | High altitude pressure difference may cause poor function or buzzing noises[38] | Can have poor brightness, especially when most of the picture is white[5] |
Electro-magnetic radiation emission | Can emit a small amount of X-ray radiation. | Only emits non-ionizing radiation.[39] | Emits strong radio frequency electromagnetic radiation[40] | None, although control circuitry may emit radio interference |
Size | Up to 43 in (1.1 m)[41] | Up to 120 in (3.0 m)[42] | Up to 150 in (3.8 m)[43] (152 in experimental)[44] | Up to 97 in (2.5 m)[45] |
Maintenance | Hazardous to repair or service due to high-voltage, requires skilled convergence calibration and adjustments for geographic location changes.[46] Glass display tube is evacuated and carries risk of implosion if improperly handled. |
May be risky and expensive to repair due to complexity of the display;[47] units with mercury CCFL backlight lamps are an environmental health hazard[48] | Screen itself cannot be repaired if the gas used to generate images leaks[49] | Display itself cannot be repaired if it cracks and oxygen enters it due to failure of OLED encapsulation, which results in display failure. |
Other | No native resolution. Currently, the only display technology capable of multi-syncing (displaying different resolutions and refresh rates without the need for scaling).[50] Display lag is extremely low due to its nature, which does not have the ability to store image data before output, unlike LCDs, plasma displays and OLED displays.[51] Extremely bulky and heavy construction in comparison to other display technologies. New models are no longer produced. | The LCD grid can mask effects of spatial and grayscale quantization, creating the illusion of higher image quality.[52] Is the cheapest display technology currently produced, with some entry-level models selling for less than US$100.[citation needed] |
Screen-door effects are more noticeable than LCD when up close, or on larger sizes.[53] New models are no longer produced. | Colored sub-pixels may age at different rates, leading to a color shift, although some models will scan pixels to even out wear and prevent this shift.[54] Sensitive to UV light from direct sunlight. Is considered the highest quality but also the most expensive display technology currently produced, with TVs being available for US$600.[citation needed] |
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