Concavus

Concavus is a genus of barnacles.^[4]

Concavus Temporal range: Early Miocene–Early Pleistocene[1][2] PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Fossil of Concavus concavus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Thecostraca
Subclass:	Cirripedia
Order:	Balanomorpha
Family:	Balanidae
Subfamily:	Concavinae
Genus:	Concavus Newman, 1982[3][4]
Type species
†Balanus concavus Bronn, 1831[a]

Species

As of 2021^[update], WoRMS recognizes the following two species:^[4]

• †Concavus concavus (Bronn, 1831)^[5][a] — Pliocene–early Pleistocene; Western Europe.^[1]
• †Concavus crassostricola Zullo, 1984^[6] — Early Miocene; North Carolina and northern Florida.^[1]

Taxonomic history

The genus was circumscribed by William A. Newman in 1982. His original list of subgenera and species for the genus was the following:^[3]

• Concavus Newman, 1982 genus
  • Concavus Newman, 1982 subgenus
    • †C. concavus (Bronn, 1831)
  • Menesiniella Newman, 1982 subgenus
    • C. (M.) aquila Pilsbry, 1916
    • C. (M.) regalis Pilsbry, 1916
  • Arossia Newman, 1982 subgenus
    • C. (A.) panamensis (Rogers, 1948)
      • C. (A.) p. panamensis (Rogers, 1948)
      • C. (A.) p. eyerdami (Henry, 1960)
    • C. (A.) henryae Newman, 1982

Newman noted there were multiple fossil taxa in this genus, but didn't classify any except for the type species †C. concavus.^[3]

In 1992, Victor A. Zullo revised the genus. He created a new subfamily, Concavinae, with Tamiosoma Conrad, 1856 (the senior synonym of Menesiniella according to Zullo^[b]), Arossia and Concavus among its genera. With his revision, Concavus only consists of the two species C. concavus and C. crassostricola.^[1]

Fossil records

This genus is known in the fossil records from the Oligocene to the Quaternary (age range: from 28.4 to 0.012 million years ago). Fossils are found in the marine strata of United States, Italy, Mexico, Morocco, Algeria, France, Haiti, Madagascar, Panama, Colombia and Slovenia.^[7]

Notes

1. Urszula Radwańska and Andrzej Radwański argue this species's author citation should be Darwin, 1854.^[2]
2. As of 2017^[update], WoRMS recognizes both Tamiosoma and Menesiniella as valid, distinct genera.