Costaceae

Costaceae, known as the Costus family or spiral gingers, is a family of pantropical monocots. It belongs to the order Zingiberales, which contains horticulturally and economically important plants such as the banana (Musaceae), bird-of-paradise (Strelitziaceae), and edible ginger (Zingiberaceae). The seven genera in Costaceae together contain about 143 known species^[3] (1 in Monocostus, 2 in Dimerocostus, 16 in Tapeinochilos, 2 in Paracostus, c. 8 in Chamaecostus, c. 5 in Hellenia, and c. 80 in Costus).^[4] They are native to tropical climates of Asia, Africa, Central America, and South America. Several species are frequently found in cultivation.^{[citation needed]}

Costaceae
Tapeinochilos ananassae of the family Costaceae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Zingiberales
Family:	Costaceae Nakai[1]
Genera[2]
Chamaecostus C.D.Specht & D.W.Stev. Costus L. Dimerocostus Kuntze Hellenia Retz. (synonym Cheilocostus C.D.Specht) Monocostus K.Schum. Paracostus C.D.Specht Parahellenia N.H.Xia, Juan Chen, L.Y.Zeng & S.Jin Zeng Tapeinochilos Miq.

Description

The simple leaves are entire and spirally arranged, with those toward the base of the stem usually bladeless. Leaf bases have a closed sheath with a ligule, or projection at the top of the sheath.

Costaceae is different from the other families of Zingiberales in that its species have 5 fused staminodes, rather than 2 or 3, and the Costaceae contain no aromatic oils. The fused infertile stamens form a large petaloid labellum that often functions to attract pollinators. The flowers are solitary in Monocostus. In the other genera, the flowers are borne in a terminal spike that ranges from elongate to nearly capitate. Each flower is subtended by a large bract. The fruit is a berry or capsule. The rhizome is fleshy with tuberous roots.

Taxonomy

Cladogram: Phylogeny of Zingiberales[5]

Zingiberales Zingiberineae Zingiberariae Zingiberaceae Costaceae Cannariae Cannaceae Marantaceae Strelitziineae Lowiaceae Strelitziaceae Heliconiaceae Musaceae

Phylogenetic tree of the family.^{[citation needed]}

Costaceae	Monocostus Dimerocostus Chamaecostus Tapeinochilos Hellenia Cheilocostus Paracostus Costus

Gallery

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  Tapeinochilos ananassae (wax ginger)
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  Cheilocostus speciosus (crêpe ginger)
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  Spirally arranged leaves of wild Cheilocostus speciosus