Cramp fasciculation syndrome

Cramp fasciculation syndrome (CFS) is a rare^[1] peripheral nerve hyperexcitability disorder. It is more severe than the related (and common) disorder known as benign fasciculation syndrome; it causes fasciculations, cramps, pain, fatigue, and muscle stiffness similar to those seen in neuromyotonia (another related condition).^[2] Patients with CFS, like those with neuromyotonia, may also experience paresthesias. Most cases of cramp fasciculation syndrome are idiopathic,^[3] although some research points to an autoimmune component that may be partly genetic in etiology.^[4] Cramp fasciculation syndrome is diagnosed by clinical examination and electromyography (EMG).^[5] Fasciculation is the only abnormality^[6] (if any)^[7] seen with EMG. Cramp fasciculation syndrome is a chronic condition.^[8] Treatment options include anti-seizure medications such as carbamazepine, immunosuppressive drugs and plasmapheresis.

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms are very similar to those found in benign fasciculation syndrome and include:^[9]

• muscle cramping (primary symptom) ^[10]
• muscle pain
• muscle stiffness
• generalized fatigue
• anxiety
• exercise intolerance
• globus sensations
• paraesthesias.^[11]
• hyperreflexia

Diagnosis

The procedure of diagnosis for Cramp Fasciculation Syndrome (CFS) is closely aligned with the diagnosis procedure for benign fasciculation syndrome (BFS). The differentiation between a diagnosis of BFS versus CFS is usually more severe and prominent pain, cramps and stiffness associated with CFS.^{[citation needed]}

Treatment

Treatment is similar to treatment for benign fasciculation syndrome.^{[citation needed]}

Carbamazepine therapy has been found to provide moderate reductions in symptoms.^[9]