Crossognathiformes

Crossognathiformes is an extinct order of ray-finned fish that lived from the Late Jurassic to the Eocene. Its phylogenetic placement is disputed; some authors have recovered it as part of the teleost stem group,^[1] while others place it in a basal position within crown group Teleostei.^[2] Other placements have found it to be polyphyletic, with Varasichthyidae being stem-group teleosts whereas the other, "true" crossognathiforms are crown-group teleosts within Teleocephala.^[2]

Crossognathiformes Temporal range: Late Jurassic to Middle Eocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Rhacolepis fossil
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Division:	Teleostei
Order:	†Crossognathiformes Taverne, 1989
Type genus
†Crossognathus Pictet, 1858
Subgroups
See text

The oldest definitive crossognathiforms are known from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) of Chile. They diversified afterwards and became a dominant group of marine fish throughout much of the Cretaceous. The last surviving member was the pachyrhizodontid Platinx from the Eocene.^[3]

Classification

Order Crossognathiformes Taverne, 1989^[1][4]

• Bavarichthys Arratia & Tischlinger, 2010^[5]
• Kradimus Veysey et al., 2020^[6]
• Family Varasichthyidae Arratia, 1981
  • Bobbichthys Arratia, 1986
  • Domeykos Arratia & Schultze, 1985
  • Luisichthys White, 1942
  • Protoclupea Arratia et al., 1975
  • Varasichthys Arratia, 1981
• Family Chongichthyidae Arratia, 1982
  • Chongichthys Arratia, 1982
• Suborder Crossognathoidei Taverne, 1989
  • Family Crossognathidae Woodward, 1901 [Apsopelicidae Romer, 1966; Syllaemidae Cragin, 1901; Pelecorapidae Cragin, 1901]
    • Apsopelix Cope, 1871 [Helmintholepis Cockerell, 1919; Leptichthys Stewart, 1899; Palaeoclupea Dante, 1942; Pelecorapis Cope, 1874; Syllaemus Cope, 1875]
    • Crossognathus Pictet, 1858
• Suborder Pachyrhizodontoidei Forey, 1977
  • • Buapichthys Medina-Castañeda, Cantalice & Castañeda-Posadas, 2025
  • Family Notelopidae Forey, 1977
    • Notelops Woodward, 1901
  • Family Pachyrhizodontidae Cope, 1872 [Greenwoodellidae Taverne, 1973; Thrissopatrinae Boulenger, 1904b]
    • Apricenapiscis Taverne, 2013
    • Aquilopiscis Cumbaa & Murray, 2008
    • Cavinichthys Taverne & Capasso, 2019
    • Elopopsis Heckel, 1856
    • Goulmimichthys Cavin, 1995
    • Greenwoodella Taverne & Ross, 1973
    • Hemielopopsis Bassani, 1879
    • Lebrunichthys Taverne & Capasso, 2020
    • Michin Alvarado-Ortega et al., 2008
    • Motlayoichthys Arratia et al., 2018
    • Nardopiscis Taverne, 2008
    • Pachyrhizodus Dixon, 1850 [Acrodontosaurus Mason, 1869; Eurychir Jordan, 1924; Oricardinus Cope, 1872; Thrissopater Günther, 1872 sensu Forey, 1977]
    • Phacolepis Agassiz, 1841 [Rhacolepis Agassiz, 1841 non Frenguelli, 1942]
    • Platinx Agassiz, 1835
    • Polcynichthys London & Shimada, 2020^[7]
    • Rhacolepis Agassiz, 1843
    • Stanhopeichthys Taverne & Capasso, 2020
    • Tingitanichthys Taverne, 1996

Timeline of genera

Bibliography

• Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 1–560. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-17.