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Cuphophyllus

Genus of fungi From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cuphophyllus
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Cuphophyllus is a genus of agaric fungi in the family Hygrophoraceae. Cuphophyllus species belong to a group known as waxcaps in English, sometimes also waxy caps in North America or waxgills in New Zealand. In Europe, Cuphophyllus species are typical of waxcap grasslands, a declining habitat due to changing agricultural practices. As a result, four species, Cuphophyllus atlanticus (as C. canescens),[1] C. colemannianus, C. lacmus, and C. lepidopus are of global conservation concern and are listed as "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[2]

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Taxonomy

History

The genus was described by French mycologist Marcel Bon in 1985,[3] though it was subsequently synonymized with Hygrocybe by some authorities.[4] Cuphophyllus species have sometimes been referred to the genus Camarophyllus (Fr.) P.Kumm., but, as argued by Donk (1962), the type species of Camarophyllus must be Agaricus camarophyllus Alb. & Schwein. the species from which the genus takes its name.[5] This means that Camarophyllus sensu stricto is a synonym of Hygrophorus, since A. camarophyllus is a Hygrophorus species (Hygrophorus camarophyllus). This is now accepted by all standard authorities.[6][7][4] Singer (1951), however, proposed Agaricus pratensis (= Cuphophyllus pratensis) as the type species of Camarophyllus,[8] which means that Camarophyllus sensu Singer is a synonym of Cuphophyllus.

Current status

Recent molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, indicates that Cuphophyllus is monophyletic and forms a natural group distinct from Hygrocybe sensu stricto.[9][10][11]

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Description

Species are distinguished from most other waxcaps by producing non-viscid, typically white, grey, or brownish basidiocarps (fruit bodies) often with decurrent lamellae (gills). Species of the genus Chromosera are superficially similar, though often more brightly coloured.[4]

Habitat and distribution

In Europe, Cuphophyllus species are typically found in agriculturally unimproved, short-sward grasslands (including pastures and lawns). Elsewhere, they are most frequently found in woodland. The genus is cosmopolitan.[4]

Economic usage

Fruit bodies of one of the commoner European waxcap species, C. pratensis, are edible[4] and widely collected, sometimes being offered for sale in local markets.

Species

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The following species are recognised in the genus Cuphophyllus:[12]

  • C. acutoides (A.H. Sm. & Hesler) Lodge, Matheny & Sánchez-García (2013)
  • C. adonis (Singer) Lodge & M.E. Sm. (2013)
  • C. albidocinereus (Kalamees) Bon (1990)
  • C. apricosus (E. Horak) J.A. Cooper (2023)
  • C. atlanticus J.B. Jordal & E. Larss. (2021)
  • C. aurantiopallens (E. Horak) J.A. Cooper (2023)
  • C. aurantius (Murrill) Lodge, K.W. Hughes & Lickey (2013)
  • C. austropratensis (A.M. Young) J.A. Cooper (2023)
  • C. basidiosus (Peck) Lodge & Matheny (2013)
  • C. bicolor (Dennis) Lodge & S.A. Cantrell (2013)
  • C. bondii Lebeuf & I. Saar (2021)
  • C. borealis (Peck) Bon ex Courtec. (1985)
  • C. canescens (A.H. Sm. & Hesler) Bon (1990)
  • C. canus (E. Horak) J.A. Cooper (2023)
  • C. carcharias (E. Horak) J.A. Cooper (2023)
  • C. cheelii (A.M. Young) J.A. Cooper (2023)
  • C. cinerellus (Kühner) Bon (1985)
  • C. colemannianus (A. Bloxam) Bon (1985)
  • C. comosus (Bas & Arnolds) Lodge, Boertm. & E. Larss. (2020)
  • C. delicatus (E. Horak) J.A. Cooper (2023)
  • C. esteriae Voitk, I. Saar & E. Larss. (2020)
  • C. flavipes (Britzelm.) Bon (1985)
  • C. flavipesoides J.B. Jordal & E. Larss. (2021)
  • C. fornicatus (Fr.) Lodge, Padamsee & Vizzini (2013)
  • C. gloriae (G. Stev.) J.A. Cooper (2023)
  • C. griseorufescens (E. Horak) Lodge & Padamsee (2013)
  • C. impurus (E. Horak) J.A. Cooper (2023)
  • C. lacmus (Schumach.) Bon (1985)
  • C. lamarum Voitk, Boertm. & I. Saar (2020)
  • C. laranja Desjardin & B.A. Perry (2020)
  • C. lepidopus (Rea) A.M. Ainsw. (2017)
  • C. neopratensis Courtec. & Fiard (2005)
  • C. patinicolor (E. Horak) J.A. Cooper (2023)
  • C. pegleri Lodge (1999)
  • C. pratensis (Pers.) Bon (1985)
  • C. pseudopallidus (Hesler & A.H. Sm.) Lodge, Boertm. & E. Larss. (2020)
  • C. rainierensis (Hesler & A.H. Sm.) Lebeuf (2018)
  • C. recurvatus (Peck) Lebeuf (2018)
  • C. roseascens (E. Ludw. & J.G. Svenss.) Lebeuf (2018)
  • C. roseipes (Massee) Lüderitz (2018)
  • C. russocoriaceus (Berk. & T.K. Mill.) Bon (1985)
  • C. salmonipes (G. Stev.) J.A. Cooper (2023)
  • C. virgineus (Wulfen) Kovalenko (1989)
  • C. yacurensis Barili, C.W. Barnes & Ordoñez (2017)
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See also

References

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