Ranoidea (genus)

This article is about a genus of frogs. For the superfamily of frogs, see Ranoidea.

Ranoidea is a genus of frogs in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. They are found in Australia, New Guinea, and two nearby groups of islands: the Maluku Islands, and the Louisiade Archipelago.^[1] The circumscription of this taxon is still controversial.

Ranoidea
Ranoidea aurea, the type species
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Hylidae
Subfamily:	Pelodryadinae
Genus:	Ranoidea (Tschudi, 1838)
Type species
Ranoidea jacksoniensis (Tschudi, 1838)
Synonyms[1]
List Dryopsophus (Fitzinger, 1843) Euscelis (Fitzinger, 1843) Pelodryas (Günther, 1859 "1858") Cyclorana (Steindachner, 1867) Phractops (Peters, 1867) Chirodryas (Keferstein, 1867) Mitrolysis (Cope, 1889) Fanchonia (Werner, 1893) Brendanura (Wells and Wellington, 1985) Neophractops (Wells and Wellington, 1985) Mosleyia (Wells and Wellington, 1985)

Taxonomy

Species in this genus were until recently placed in the then-paraphyletic genus Litoria; many of them had been placed in even larger Hyla before. In 2006, Frost and colleague synonymised Nyctimystes with Litoria to make a monophyletic Litoria within a monotypic Pelodryadinae.^[2][3] Later, in 2016, Duellman and colleagues restored Nyctimystes and moved some of the remaining Litoria species to the resurrected genus Dryopsophus.^[1][4] However, Frost in Amphibian Species of the World argued that Ranoidea the oldest available name for these species and replaced genus Dryopsophus with Ranoidea.^[1] AmphibiaWeb continues to recognize Litoria in the older, broad sense, although it also recognizes Cyclorana,^[5] a position that, without additional amendments, renders Ranoidea paraphyletic; it may be treated as a subgenus.^[1]

A recent phylogenomic analysis of family Pelodryadidae has proposed a major taxonomic revision, recognising 35 genera, including 12 for the species currently treated as Ranoidea in this article and Amphibian Species of the World or the Dropsophus of Duellman and colleagues.^[6]

Description and ecology

The pupil is horizontally elliptical, and the palpebral membrane is unpigmented. Many species have tadpoles that develop in mountain streams and have enlarged ventral mouths.^[4] However, tadpoles of subgenus Cyclorana are adapted to standing water and are often found in temporary water bodies.^[7]

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Ranoidea:^[1]

• Ranoidea alboguttata (Günther, 1867)
• Ranoidea andiirrmalin (McDonald, 1997)
• Ranoidea aruensis (Horst, 1883)
• Ranoidea auae (Menzies and Tyler, 2004)
• Ranoidea aurea (Lesson, 1829)
• Ranoidea australis (Gray, 1842)
• Ranoidea barringtonensis (Copland, 1957)
• Ranoidea bella (McDonald, Rowley, Richards, and Frankham, 2016)
• Ranoidea booroolongensis (Moore, 1961)
• Ranoidea brevipes (Peters, 1871)
• Ranoidea brongersmai (Loveridge, 1945)
• Ranoidea caerulea (White, 1790)
• Ranoidea callista (Kraus, 2013)
• Ranoidea cavernicola (Tyler and Davies, 1979)
• Ranoidea chloris (Boulenger, 1892)
• Ranoidea citropa (Péron, 1807)
• Ranoidea cryptotis (Tyler and Martin, 1977)
• Ranoidea cultripes (Parker, 1940)
• Ranoidea cyclorhynchus (Boulenger, 1882)
• Ranoidea dahlii (Boulenger, 1896)
• Ranoidea daviesae (Mahony, Knowles, Foster, and Donnellan, 2001)
• Ranoidea dayi (Günther, 1897)
• Ranoidea elkeae (Günther and Richards, 2000)
• Ranoidea eschata (Kraus and Allison, 2009)
• Ranoidea eucnemis (Lönnberg, 1900)
• Ranoidea exophthalmia (Tyler, Davies, and Aplin, 1986)
• Ranoidea fuscula (Oliver and Richards, 2007)
• Ranoidea genimaculata (Horst, 1883)
• Ranoidea gilleni (Spencer, 1896)
• Ranoidea gracilenta (Peters, 1869)
• Ranoidea impura (Peters and Doria, 1878)
• Ranoidea jungguy (Donnellan and Mahony, 2004)
• Ranoidea kroombitensis (Hoskin, Hines, Meyer, Clarke, and Cunningham, 2013)
• Ranoidea kumae (Menzies and Tyler, 2004)
• Ranoidea lesueuri (Duméril and Bibron, 1841)
• Ranoidea longipes (Tyler and Martin, 1977)
• Ranoidea lorica (Davies and McDonald, 1979)
• Ranoidea lutea (Boulenger, 1887)
• Ranoidea macki (Richards, 2001)
• Ranoidea maculosa (Tyler and Martin, 1977)
• Ranoidea maini (Tyler and Martin, 1977)
• Ranoidea manya (Van Beurden and McDonald, 1980)
• Ranoidea mira (Oliver, Rittmeyer, Torkkola, Dahl, Donnellan & Richards, 2021 "2020")
• Ranoidea moorei (Copland, 1957)
• Ranoidea myola (Hoskin, 2007)
• Ranoidea nannotis (Andersson, 1916)
• Ranoidea napaea (Tyler, 1968)
• Ranoidea novaehollandiae (Steindachner, 1867)
• Ranoidea nudidigita (Copland, 1963)
• Ranoidea nyakalensis (Liem, 1974)
• Ranoidea occidentalis (Anstis, Price, Roberts, Catalano, Hines, Doughty, and Donnellan, 2016)
• Ranoidea pearsoniana (Copland, 1961)
• Ranoidea phyllochroa (Günther, 1863)
• Ranoidea piperata (Tyler and Davies, 1985)
• Ranoidea platycephala (Günther, 1873)
• Ranoidea raniformis (Keferstein, 1867)
• Ranoidea rara (Günther and Richards, 2005)
• Ranoidea rheocola (Liem, 1974)
• Ranoidea robinsonae (Oliver, Stuart-Fox, and Richards, 2008)
• Ranoidea rueppelli (Boettger, 1895)
• Ranoidea serrata (Andersson, 1916)
• Ranoidea spenceri (Dubois, 1984)
• Ranoidea spinifera (Tyler, 1968)
• Ranoidea splendida (Tyler, Davies, and Martin, 1977)
• Ranoidea subglandulosa (Tyler and Anstis, 1983)
• Ranoidea thesaurensis (Peters, 1877)
• Ranoidea vagitus (Tyler, Davies, and Martin, 1981)
• Ranoidea verrucosa (Tyler and Martin, 1977)
• Ranoidea wilcoxii (Günther, 1864)
• Ranoidea xanthomera (Davies, McDonald, and Adams, 1986)

Although currently listed as incertae sedis, it is expected that "Ranoidea papua" (Van Kampen, 1909) will also be included in the genus once its range has been properly delimited.