Cypraea

Cypraea is a genus of medium-sized to large sea snails or cowries, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.^[1]

Cypraea Temporal range: Miocene–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Five views of a shell of Cypraea tigris
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Littorinimorpha
Family:	Cypraeidae
Subfamily:	Cypraeinae
Genus:	Cypraea Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms
Pantherinaria Sacco, 1894

Cypraea albuginosa, museum specimens. Naturalis.

Species

Species within the genus Cypraea include:

• † Cypraea ficoides (Hutton, 1873)
• Cypraea pantherina Lightfoot, 1786^[2]
• † Cypraea porcellus Brocchi, 1814
• Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, 1758^[3]

Cypraea Tigris

Nomen dubium

• Cypraea contrastriata Perry, 1811 (synonyms: Arestorides argus contrastriata (Perry, 1811); Cypraea argus contrastriata Perry, 1811; Talparia argus contrastriata (Perry, 1811) )

Synonyms

Almost all species previously belonging to Cypraea have been reassigned to other genera within the family Cypraeidae:

• Cypraea achatidea Sowerby, 1837: synonym of Schilderia achatidea
• Cypraea acicularis Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Erosaria acicularis
• Cypraea aenigma Lorenz, 2002: synonym of Nesiocypraea aenigma
• Cypraea albuginosa Gray, 1825: synonym of Erosaria albuginosa
• Cypraea alexhuberti Lorenz & Huber, 1999: synonym of Austrasiatica alexhuberti
• Cypraea alfredensis (Schilder & Schilder, 1929): synonym of Cypraeovula alfredensis (Schilder & Schilder, 1929)
• Cypraea algoensis Gray, 1825: synonym of Cypraeovula algoensis
• Cypraea alisonae Burgess, 1983:^[4] synonym of Blasicrura alisonae
• Cypraea amarata (Meuschen, 1787):^[5] synonym of Mauritia scurra
• Cypraea amphitales Melvill, 1888 : synonym of Cypraeovula amphitales
• Cypraea androyensis Blocher & Lorenz, 1999: synonym of Palmadusta androyensis
• Cypraea angelicae Clover, 1974: synonym of Zonaria angelicae
• Cypraea angioyorum Biraghi, 1978: synonym of Erronea angioyorum
• Cypraea angustata Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Notocypraea angustata
• Cypraea annettae Dall, 1909: synonym of Pseudozonaria annettae
• Cypraea annulus Linnaeus, 1758:^[6] synonym of Monetaria annulus
• Cypraea arabica Linnaeus, 1758:^[7] synonym of Mauritia arabica
• Cypraea arabicula:^[8] synonym of Pseudozonaria arabicula
• Cypraea argus Linnaeus, 1758:^[9] synonym of Arestorides argus
• Cypraea armeniaca Verco, 1912: synonym of Umbilia armeniaca
• Cypraea artuffeli Jousseaume, 1876: synonym of Palmadusta artuffeli
• Cypraea aurantium Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Lyncina aurantium
• Cypraea barbieri Raybaudi, 1986: synonym of Purpuradusta barbieri
• Cypraea asellus Linnaeus, 1758:^[10] synonym of Palmadusta asellus
• Cypraea barclayi Reeve, 1857: synonym of Contradusta barclayi
• Cypraea beckii Gaskoin, 1836^[11] is a synonym of Erosaria beckii
• Cypraea bernardi Richard, 1974: synonym of Erosaria bernardi
• Cypraea bistrinotata Schilder & Schilder, 1937:^[12] synonym of Pustularia bistrinotata
• Cypraea boivinii Kiener, 1843: synonym of Erosaria boivinii
• Cypraea boucheti Lorenz, 2002: synonym of Palmulacypraea boucheti
• Cypraea bregeriana Crosse, 1868: synonym of Contradusta bregeriana
• Cypraea brevidentata Sowerby, 1870: synonym of Bistolida brevidentata
• Cypraea broderipii Gray in Sowerby, 1832:^[13] synonym of Lyncina broderipii
• Cypraea camelopardalis Perry, 1811:^[14] synonym of Lyncina camelopardalis
• Cypraea capensis:^[15] synonym of Cypraeovula capensis
• Cypraea capricornica Lorenz, 1989is a synonym of Umbilia capricornica
• Cypraea caputdraconis Melvill, 1888: synonym of Monetaria caputdraconis
• Cypraea caputserpentis Linnaeus, 1758:^[16] synonym of Erosaria caputserpentis
• Cypraea carneola Linnaeus, 1758:^[17] synonym of Lyncina carneola
• Cypraea carneola sowerbyi Anton, 1838: synonym of Lyncina carneola (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Cypraea castanea Higgins, 1868: synonym of Cypraeovula castanea
• Cypraea catholicorum Schilder, 1938: synonym of Cribrarula catholicorum
• Cypraea caurica Linnaeus, 1758:^[18] synonym of Erronea caurica
• Cypraea cernica Sowerby, 1870:^[19] synonym of Erosaria cernica
• Cypraea cervinetta Kiener, 1843: synonym of Macrocypraea cervinetta
• Cypraea cervus Linnaeus, 1771: synonym of Macrocypraea cervus
• Cypraea chiapponii Lorenz, 1999: synonym of Pustularia chiapponii
• Cypraea childreni Gray, 1825: synonym of Ipsa childreni
• Cypraea chinensis Gmelin, 1791:^[20] synonym of Ovatipsa chinensis
• Cypraea cicercula Linnaeus, 1758:^[21] synonym of Pustularia cicercula
• Cypraea cinerea Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Luria cinerea
• Cypraea citrina Gray, 1825:^[22] synonym of Erosaria citrina
• Cypraea clandestina Linnaeus, 1767:^[23] synonym of Palmadusta clandestina
• Cypraea cohenae Burgess, 1965: synonym of Cypraeovula cohenae
• Cypraea colligata Lorenz, 2002: synonym of Cypraeovula colligata
• Cypraea coloba Melvill, 1888:^[24] synonym of Ovatipsa coloba
• Cypraea comptonii Gray, 1847: synonym of Notocypraea comptoni
• Cypraea connelli Liltved, 1983: synonym of Cypraeovula connelli
• Cypraea conoidea Scopoli, 1786: synonym of Morum oniscus (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Cypraea contaminata Sowerby, 1832:^[25] synonym of Palmadusta contaminata
• Cypraea controversa Gray, 1824: synonym of Luria controversa
• Cypraea coronata Schilder 1930: synonym of Cypraeovula coronata
• Cypraea costispunctata G. B. Sowerby II, 1870: synonym of Pusula costispunctata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1870)
• Cypraea coxeni Cox, 1873: synonym of Eclogavena coxeni
• Cypraea cribellum Gaskoin, 1849:^[26] synonym of Cribrarula cribellum
• Cypraea cribraria Linnaeus, 1758:^[27] synonym of Cribrarula cribraria
• Cypraea cruenta:^[28] synonym of Ovatipsa chinensis
• Cypraea cruickshanki Kilburn, 1972: synonym of Cypraeovula cruickshanki
• Cypraea cumingii Sowerby, 1832: synonym of Cribrarula cumingii
• Cypraea cylindrica Born, 1778:^[29] synonym of Erronea cylindrica
• Cypraea dayritiana Cate, 1963: synonym of Eclogavena dayritiana
• Cypraea decipiens Smith, 1880: synonym of Zoila decipiens
• Cypraea declivis Sowerby II, 1870: synonym of Notocypraea declivis
• Cypraea deforgesi Lorenz, 2002: synonym of Austrasiatica deforgesi
• Cypraea depressa Gray, 1824:^[30] synonym of Mauritia depressa
• Cypraea diauges Melvill 1888 syn. of Bistolida diauges
• Cypraea dillwyni Schilder 1922: synonym of Cryptocypraea dillwyni
• Cypraea diluculum Reeve, 1845:^[31] synonym of Palmadusta diluculum
• Cypraea eburnea Barnes, 1824:^[32] synonym of Erosaria eburnea
• Cypraea edentula:^[33] synonym of Cypraeovula edentula
• Cypraea eglantina Duclos, 1833:^[34] synonym of Mauritia eglantina
• Cypraea eludens Raybaudi, 1991: synonym of Zoila eludens
• Cypraea englerti Summers & Burgess, 1965: synonym of Erosaria englerti
• Cypraea erosa Linnaeus, 1758:^[35] synonym of Erosaria erosa
• Cypraea errones Linnaeus, 1758:^[36] synonym of Erronea errones
• Cypraea erythraeensis Sowerby, 1837:^[37] synonym of Bistolida erythraeensis
• Cypraea esontropia Duclos, 1833:^[38] synonym of Cribrarula esontropia
• Cypraea exmouthensis Melvill, 1888: synonym of Cribrarula exmouthensis
• Cypraea exusta Sowerby, 1832:^[39] synonym of Talparia exusta
• Cypraea fallax Smith, 1881: synonym of Cribrarula fallax
• Cypraea felina Gmelin, 1791:^[40] synonym of Melicerona felina
• Cypraea fernandoi Cate, 1969: synonym of Erosa fernadoi
• Cypraea fimbriata Gmelin, 1791:^[41] synonym of Purpuradusta fimbriata
• Cypraea friendii Gray, 1831: synonym of Zoila friendii
• Cypraea fultoni Sowerby, 1903: synonym of Barycypraea fultoni
• Cypraea fuscodentata:^[42] synonym of Cypraeovula fuscodentata
• Cypraea fuscorubra Shaw, 1909: synonym of Cypraeovula fuscorubra
• Cypraea gangranosa Dillwyn, 1817:^[43] synonym of Erosaria gangranosa
• Cypraea garciai Lorenz & Raines, 2001: synonym of Cribrarula garciai
• Cypraea gaskoini Reeve, 1846:^[44] synonym of Cribrarula gaskoini
• Cypraea gilvella Lorenz, 2002: synonym of Luria gilvella
• Cypraea globosa:^[45] synonym of Lyncina lynx
• Cypraea globulus Linnaeus, 1758:^[46] synonym of Pustularia globulus
• Cypraea goodalli Sowerby I, 1832: synonym of Bistolida goodallii
• Cypraea gracilis Gaskoin, 1849:^[47] synonym of Purpuradusta gracilis
• Cypraea granulata Pease, 1862: synonym of Nucleolaria granulata
• Cypraea grayana Schilder, 1930:^[48] synonym of Mauritia grayana
• Cypraea guttata Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Perisserosa guttata
• Cypraea hammondae Iredale, 1939: synonym of Purpuradusta hammondae
• Cypraea hartsmithi Schilder, 1967: synonym of Notocypraea hartsmithi
• Cypraea helvola Linnaeus, 1758:^[49] synonym of Erosaria helvola
• Cypraea hesitata Jousseaume, 1884: synonym of Umbilia hesitata
• Cypraea hirundo Linnaeus, 1758:^[50] synonym of Blasicrura hirundo
• Cypraea histrio Gmelin, 1791:^[51] synonym of Mauritia histrio
• Cypraea humphreysii Gray, 1825: synonym of Palmadusta humphreysii
• Cypraea hungerfordi lovetha Poppe, Tagaro & Buijse, 2005: synonym of Paradusta hungerfordi bealsi (Mock, 1996)
• Cypraea inocellata Gray^[52] is a synonym of Erosaria miliaris
• Cypraea interrupta Gray, 1824:^[53] synonym of Blasicrura interrupta
• Cypraea isabella Linnaeus, 1758:^[54] synonym of Luria isabella
• Cypraea kieneri Hidalgo, 1906:^[55] synonym of Bistolida kieneri
• Cypraea lamarckii Gray, 1825:^[56] synonym of Erosaria lamarckii
• Cypraea lentiginosa:^[57] synonym of Palmadusta lentiginosa
• Cypraea leucodon Broderip, 1828: synonym of Lyncina leucodon (Broderip, 1828)
• Cypraea leucodon leucodon Broderip, 1828: synonym of Lyncina leucodon (Broderip, 1828)
• Cypraea leviathan Schilder & Schilder, 1937:^[58] synonym of Lyncina leviathan
• Cypraea lisetae Kilburn, 1975:^[59] synonym of Nesiocypraea lisetae
• Cypraea limacina Lamarck, 1810:^[60] synonym of Staphylaea limacina
• Cypraea lurica:^[61] synonym of Erronea caurica
• Cypraea lurida Linnaeus:^[62] synonym of Luria lurida
• Cypraea lynx Linnaeus, 1758:^[63] synonym of Lyncina lynx
• Cypraea macandrewi Sowerby, 1870:^[64] synonym of Erosaria macandrewi
• Cypraea maculifera Schilder, 1932:^[65] synonym of Mauritia maculifera
• Cypraea madagascariensis Gmelin, 1790:^[66] synonym of Staphylaea nucleus madagascariensis
• Cypraea mappa Linnaeus, 1758:^[67] synonym of Leporicypraea mappa
• Cypraea margarita Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of Pustularia margarita
• Cypraea marginalis Dillwyn, 1827:^[68] synonym of Erosaria marginalis
• Cypraea mariae Schilder, 1927:^[69] synonym of Annepona mariae
• Cypraea mauiensis Burgess, 1967: synonym of Pustularia mauiensis
• Cypraea mauritiana Linnaeus, 1758:^[70] synonym of Mauritia mauritiana
• Cypraea microdon Gray, 1828:^[71] synonym of Purpuradusta microdon
• Cypraea miliaris Gmelin, 1790:^[72] synonym of Erosaria miliaris
• Cypraea minoridens Melvill, 1901: synonym of Purpuradusta minoridens
• Cypraea moneta Linnaeus, 1758:^[73] synonym of Monetaria moneta
• Cypraea mus Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Muracypraea mus
• Cypraea nebrites Melvill, 1888:^[74] synonym of Erosaria nebrites
• Cypraea nigropunctata Gray, 1828: synonym of Pseudozonaria nigropunctata
• Cypraea nivosa Broderip, 1827:^[75] synonym of Lyncina nivosa
• Cypraea nucleus Linnaeus, 1758:^[76] synonym of Staphylaea nucleus
• Cypraea ocellata L.:^[77] synonym of Erosaria ocellata
• Cypraea oniscus Lamarck, 1810: synonym of Triviella aperta (Swainson, 1822)
• Cypraea onyx Linnaeus, 1758:^[78] synonym of Erronea onyx
• Cypraea owenii Sowerby, 1837:^[79] synonym of Bistolida owenii
• Cypraea ovum Gmelin 1791 (synonym of Erronea ovum
• Cypraea pallida:^[80] synonym of Erronea pallida
• Cypraea pallidula (Gaskoin, 1849): synonym of Blasicrura pallidula
• Cypraea pediculus var. cimex G. B. Sowerby II, 1870: synonym of Pusula cimex (G. B. Sowerby II, 1870)
• Cypraea picta Gray, 1824: synonym of Zonaria picta
• Cypraea piperita Gray, 1825: synonym of Notocypraea piperita
• Cypraea poraria Linnaeus, 1758:^[81] synonym of Erosaria poraria
• Cypraea propinqua Garrett, 1879: synonym of Lyncina carneola
• Cypraea pulchra Gray, 1824:^[82] synonym of Luria pulchra
• Cypraea pulchella Swainson, 1823: synonym of Contradusta pulchella
• Cypraea punctata Linnaeus, 1771:^[83] synonym of Ransoniella punctata
• Cypraea pyriformis Gray, 1824 (synonym of Erronea pyriformis
• Cypraea pyrum Gmelin, 1791 (synonym of Zonaria pyrum
• Cypraea reticulata Martyn, 1784:^[84] synonym of Mauritia histrio
• Cypraea robertsi Hidalgo, 1906: synonym of Pseudozonaria robertsi
• Cypraea sakuraii (Habe, 1970): synonym of Austrasiatica sakuraii (Habe, 1970)
• Cypraea schilderorum Iredale, 1939: synonym of Lyncina schilderorum
• Cypraea scurra Gmelin, 1791:^[85] synonym of Mauritia scurra
• Cypraea solandri G. B. Sowerby I, 1832: synonym of Pusula solandri (G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)
• Cypraea spadicea Swainson, 1823: synonym of Neobernaya spadicea
• Cypraea spurca Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Erosaria spurca
• Cypraea staphylaea Linnaeus, 1758:^[86] synonym of Staphylaea staphylaea
• Cypraea stercoraria Linnaeus:^[87] synonym of Trona stercoraria
• Cypraea stolida Linnaeus, 1758:^[88] synonym of Bistolida stolida
• Cypraea subviridis Reeve, 1835: synonym of Erronea subviridis (Reeve, 1835)
• Cypraea sulcidentata Gray, 1824): synonym of Lyncina sulcidentata
• Cypraea surinamensis G. Perry, 1811: synonym of Propustularia surinamensis
• Cypraea talpa Linnaeus, 1758:^[89] synonym of Talparia talpa
• Cypraea teres Gmelin, 1791:^[90] synonym of Blasicrura teres
• Cypraea tessellata Swainson, 1822: synonym of Luria tessellata
• Cypraea testudinaria Linnaeus, 1758:^[91] synonym of Chelycypraea testudinaria
• Cypraea teuleri Cazenavette, 1845:^[92] synonym of Bernaya teulerei
• Cypraea thomasi Crosse, 1865:^[93] synonym of Erosaria thomasi
• Cypraea turdus Lamarck, 1810:^[94] synonym of Erosaria turdus
• Cypraea umbilicata G.B. Sowerby I, 1825: synonym of Umbilia hesitata (Iredale, 1916)
• Cypraea ursellus Gmelin, 1791:^[95] synonym of Bistolida ursellus
• Cypraea ventriculus Lamarck, 1810: synonym of Lyncina ventriculus
• Cypraea venusta Sowerby, 1847: synonym of Zoila venusta
• Cypraea verhoefi Burgess, 1982: synonym of Cypraeovula castanea (Higgins, 1868)
• Cypraea vitellus Linnaeus, 1758:^[96] synonym of Lyncina vitellus
• Cypraea vredenburgi Schilder, 1927: synonym of Erronea vredenburgi
• Cypraea walkeri Sowerby, 1832:^[97] synonym of Contradusta walkeri
• Cypraea xanthodon Sowerby I, 1832: synonym of Erronea xanthodon
• Cypraea zebra Linnaeus, 1758:^[98] synonym of Macrocypraea zebra
• Cypraea ziczac Linnaeus, 1758:^[99] synonym of Palmadusta ziczac
• Cypraea zonaria Gmelin:^[100] synonym of Zonaria zonaria