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Czenakowski distance

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The Czenakowski distance (sometimes shortened as CZD) is a per-pixel quality metric that estimates quality or similarity by measuring differences between pixels. Because it compares vectors with strictly non-negative elements, it is often used to compare colored images, as color values cannot be negative. This different approach has a better correlation with subjective quality assessment than PSNR.[citation needed]

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Definition

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Androutsos et al. give the Czenakowski coefficient as follows:[1]

Where a pixel is being compared to a pixel on the k-th band of color – usually one for each of red, green and blue.

For a pixel matrix of size , the Czenakowski coefficient can be used in an arithmetic mean spanning all pixels to calculate the Czenakowski distance as follows:[2][3]

Where is the (i, j)-th pixel of the k-th band of a color image and, similarly, is the pixel that it is being compared to.

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Uses

In the context of image forensics – for example, detecting if an image has been manipulated –, Rocha et al. report the Czenakowski distance is a popular choice for Color Filter Array (CFA) identification.[2]

References

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