Dardanus pedunculatus

Dardanus pedunculatus, commonly referred to as the anemone hermit crab, is a species of hermit crab from the Indo-Pacific region. It lives at depths of up to 27 m and collects sea anemones to place on its shell for defence.

Dardanus pedunculatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Malacostraca
Order:	Decapoda
Suborder:	Pleocyemata
Infraorder:	Anomura
Family:	Diogenidae
Genus:	Dardanus
Species:	D. pedunculatus
Binomial name
Dardanus pedunculatus (J. F. W. Herbst, 1804)
Synonyms [1]
Cancer pedunculatus Herbst, 1804 Pagurus asper De Haan, 1849 Pagurus sigmoidalis Zehntner, 1894 Dardanus haani Rathbun, 1902 Neopagurus horai Kaamalaveni, 1950

Distribution

Dardanus pedunculatus has a broad distribution in the Indo-Pacific region, from the Seychelles in the west to Japan and Hawaii in the east. In Australia, it is found from New South Wales (as far south at Port Jackson^[2]) to Queensland.^[1]

Ecology

D. pedunculatus usually lives on coral reefs and in the intertidal zone, at depths of 1–27 metres (3–89 ft).^[1] It usually carries sea anemones on its shell, which it uses to protect itself from its main predator, cephalopods of the genus Octopus.^[3] The anemones are collected at night,^[3] and comprises the crab stroking and tapping the anemone until it loosens its grip on the substrate, at which point it is moved onto the gastropod shell that the hermit crab inhabits.^[4]

Description

Dardanus pedunculatus usually attain a maximum size of 10 centimetres (4 in).^[4] The carapace is mottled in tan and cream, while the eyestalks are white with red bands.^[2] The sexes are similar.^[3] The left claw is much larger than the right claw.^[2]

Pets

Hermit crabs are popular pets in marine aquaria, and Dardanus pedunculatus is occasionally kept, although the species has not been successfully reared in captivity.^[3]

Taxonomic history

Dardanus pedunculatus was first described by Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst as Cancer pedunculatus, in his 1804 work Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse nebst einer Systematischen Beschreibung ihrer verschiedenen Arten;^[1] the type locality is not known.^[5] It has since been placed in a number of different genera, including Pagurus and Neopagurus, and a number of taxonomic synonyms have been created.^[1]