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Dennis Rader
American serial killer (born 1945) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Dennis Lynn Rader (born March 9, 1945), better known as the BTK Killer, the BTK Strangler, or simply BTK, is an American serial killer who murdered at least ten people in Wichita and Park City, Kansas, between 1974 and 1991. Although he occasionally killed or attempted to kill men and children, Rader typically targeted women. His victims were often attacked in their homes, then bound, sometimes with objects from their homes, and either suffocated with a plastic bag or manually strangled with a ligature.[4]
In a series of crimes that terrorized Wichita residents in the mid-to-late 1970s, Rader also initiated a series of taunting letters he sent to police and media outlets, describing his crimes in detail and referring to himself as BTK (for "bind, torture, kill").[5][6] In addition, he stole keepsakes from his female victims, including underwear, driver's licenses, and personal items. In 1979, BTK suddenly went quiet, and despite an exhaustive investigation, the case grew into one of the most infamous cold cases in American history. Rader would later confess to killing three further victims between 1985 and 1991 that were not initially linked to the BTK killer, but were confirmed to be his doing through DNA and items found in his possession.[7]
In 2004, after a thirteen-year hiatus, Rader resumed sending letters, where he hinted at committing further crimes. Based on items he turned over to law enforcement, he was identified and arrested in February 2005, pleading guilty to his crimes months later and given ten consecutive life sentences. He is currently incarcerated at the El Dorado Correctional Facility.[1]
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Early life
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Dennis Lynn Rader was born in Pittsburg, Kansas, on March 9, 1945, the oldest of four sons.[8] His parents were bookkeeper Dorothea Mae Rader (née Cook; 1925–2007) and Kansas Gas Service worker and former U.S. Marine William Elvin Rader (1922–1996).[9][10][11][12][13] His parents were Christians and members of the Zion Lutheran Church in Pittsburg, where Rader was baptized.[14] Growing up in Wichita, Rader had an interest in novels, comic books, fishing, and cub scouting.[15] Both of his parents worked long hours and paid little attention to their children at home, and in later years Rader said he felt neglected.[16] Rader's father was described as strict and god fearing but not abusive.[17]
From a young age, Rader harbored sadistic sexual fantasies about torturing "trapped and helpless" women.[16][18] He also exhibited zoosadism by torturing, killing and hanging small animals.[19][20] Rader acted out sexual fetishes for voyeurism, autoerotic asphyxiation and cross-dressing, often spying on female neighbors while dressed in women's clothing, including women's underwear that he had stolen. He also masturbated with ropes or other bindings around his arms and neck.[21]
As a student at Wichita Heights High School, Rader, who did not play any sports nor partake in any clubs, was described by fellow students as utterly lacking humor and always "hung back in the background". He spent most of his out-of-school time working as a bag boy and shelf stocker for a local grocery store to earn money for a car.[22] After graduating in 1963,[23] he attended Kansas Wesleyan University, where he received only mediocre grades and dropped out after one year.
Rader joined the United States Air Force in June 1966.[24][25] He completed basic training and technical school in Texas before being stationed at Brookley Air Force Base in Mobile, Alabama, where he worked as an antenna installer and maintenance specialist.[26][27] After being commissioned for assignments in Turkey, Greece, and South Korea, Rader was commissioned to Japan in January 1968, where he spent six months stationed at Kadena Air Base in Okinawa followed by 25 months stationed at Tachikawa Airfield in Tokyo.[26] He earned a medal for good conduct and a ribbon for marksmanship; he also earned a National Defense Service Medal because his service coincided with the U.S. Military being under national emergency due to the Vietnam War.[28][29] Rader later credited the Air Force for teaching him knowledge about sex.[30]
Rader received an honorable discharge on August 12, 1970, at the rank of staff sergeant.[31] He subsequently served in the Air Force Reserve Command until June 20, 1972, around the time he was hired for the Coleman Company.[26] Even after his conviction for murder, Rader could have still qualified for a military funeral under the terms of a 1997 Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, but the United States Senate subsequently passed a November 2005 resolution excluding all violent offenders from qualifying.[32][33]
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Move to Park City
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In 1971, a year after his discharge, Rader purchased a home in Park City, a suburb of Wichita.[29] He then enrolled at Butler County Community College in El Dorado, earning an associate degree in electronics engineering in 1973.[34] He attended Wichita State University and graduated in 1979 with a Bachelor of Science degree, majoring in administration of justice.[35]
Rader initially worked in the meat department of an IGA supermarket where his mother was employed as a bookkeeper.[36] From mid-1972 to mid-1973, he worked as an assembler for the Coleman Company, an outdoor supply company, where two of his victims (Julie Otero and Kathryn Bright) worked.[37] Beginning in 1974, Rader worked at the local Wichita office of ADT Security Services, where he installed security alarms. Ironically, many of his clients were concerned homeowners seeking security from his own killings as BTK.[38][39] At ADT, Rader was nicknamed "blue book man" by his coworkers because he always followed rules and scolded others for doing as much as making small talk during work hours. He left the company in July 1988.[40]
Marriage
On May 22, 1971, Rader married Paula Dietz in a ceremony held at Christ Lutheran Church. Dietz was employed as a secretary for the U.S. war veteran organization American Legion at the time.[41] They had two children, Kerri and Brian.[38][42] On July 26, 2005, after Rader's arrest, Dietz was granted an emergency divorce, waiving the normal 60-day waiting period.[42][43][44] All of the crimes were committed while Rader was married, although neither Dietz nor his children suspected anything was amiss.[45]
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BTK crimes
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Otero family murders
On January 15, 1974, Rader murdered four members of the Otero family in Wichita.[46] The victims were Joseph Otero Sr. (38), Julia Maria "Julie" Otero (33), Joseph "Joey" Otero II (9) and Josephine "Josie" Otero (11). Their bodies were discovered by the family's three older children, who had been at school at the time of the killings.[46][47] After his 2005 arrest, Rader claimed that he first targeted the family two months prior, when he spotted Julie leaving to take her children to school, and stalked them for two to three weeks.[48]
On the morning of the murders, Rader parked his car and walked to the Otero home, scaled a fence, and cut the phone lines when in the backyard. It was after this that Joey let the dog out the back door to the backyard, where Rader confronted him and forced his way into the home at gunpoint. Initially, the family thought he was pulling a prank; Rader asserted that it was not a joke and clarified that he had a .22 pistol loaded with hollow-point bullets. Rader told the Otero family that he was wanted in California before ordering them at gunpoint to lie on the living room floor. Then, he led the family into a bedroom and bound them with rope he had prepared ahead of time. Joseph and Joey were on the floor, while Julie and Josie were on the bed.[48]
The family began complaining of circulation issues. Joseph complained of a cracked rib, so Rader put a pillow under him. Rader later stated that it was around this time that he decided to kill them.[48] Rader covered Joseph's head with a plastic bag, which he then secured with ropes. After Joseph chewed a hole in the bag, Rader replaced it, causing him to slowly suffocate. Rader strangled Julie with a rope. At one point she regained consciousness and pleaded for mercy for her children, prompting Rader to kill her.[48] Rader then placed another plastic bag, followed by two T-shirts and an additional bag, over Joey's head. Rader watched him struggle from a chair set up in the bedroom.[48]
After the rest of the family was murdered, Rader took Josephine down to the basement. Rader undressed Josephine and tied a noose around a sewer pipe in the basement. Rader asked Josephine if her father had a camera so he could take pictures, to which she responded no. He then said that she would "go to heaven with the rest of your family", and Rader then hung the girl in the basement and masturbated as he watched her struggle on the rope.[48] On the way out of the house, he got in the Otero family car and drove it to the parking lot of a Dillons grocery store. He realized that he had dropped a knife in the backyard of the Otero home, so he drove his car back to the house to retrieve it.[48]
Murder of Kathryn Bright
Rader planned to murder Kathryn Bright (21), referring to her as "Project Lights Out".[49] Rader picked her for his next murder victim after he spotted her entering her house with a friend. He had no knowledge of her younger brother Kevin (19) living at the same house, which might have dissuaded him from targeting her, as he was trying to "stay away from the males as much as possible" in order to make the killings easier.[50]
On April 4, 1974, Rader broke into the home through a sliding glass door in the back, to find no one was home yet. He began sweeping up the glass to try to minimize suspicion when Kathryn did arrive. The delicate trigger of his pistol caused an accidental discharge. He feared that the smell of gunpowder would alert Bright. She came home shortly with Kevin. He told them that he was a wanted man from California, and needed money and food. He was described as a stocky man wearing a silver wrist watch, "sweating profusely". Rader forced the Brights into the southeast bedroom, where he made Kevin tie Kathryn up, before Rader bound Kevin himself. Rader used household supplies, including bandanas, as restraints in order to distinguish the crime from the Otero murders. Kevin and Kathryn were separated into different rooms with Kevin tied to a bedpost, and Kathryn to a chair. Rader turned on the stereo system in the living room to drown out any sounds of struggle, which he later claimed was a trick he learned from "detective magazines".[50]
Rader returned to the bedroom where Kevin was restrained to strangle him, but Bright had freed himself. Rader then pulled his firearm and a struggle ensued, during which Rader shot Kevin in the forehead. Rader then attempted to strangle Kevin again, resulting in a similar struggle in which he fired two more shots: one landing just above Kevin's mouth and the other grazing him. Kevin played dead until Rader left the room, then ran from the house. He flagged down neighbors, who took him to the hospital and called police.[51][52]
When Rader reentered her room, Kathryn asked about the gunshots. Rader told Kathryn that he had shot her brother, at which point she fought back. Kathryn's resistance proved too strong for Rader to strangle her as planned, so Rader resorted to stabbing her repeatedly in the area under her ribcage. Rader heard Kevin call for help during the struggle. Once he thought Kathryn was dead, Rader grabbed her keys, ran outside, and tried unsuccessfully to start Bright's truck. When it did not start, Rader ran to his car, which was parked at Wichita State University. Kathryn was alive when police arrived at her house, holding a telephone in her hands but partially verbally unresponsive. She died in emergency surgery from multiple stab wounds and strangulation.[50]
Murder of Shirley Ruth Relford
On March 17, 1977, Rader had a different victim planned for the day, but the victim was not home. He was frustrated by this and decided to find a random person to kill instead. While looking for a potential victim, he came across Shirley's son, Steve (6), walking down the street. Rader approached Steve, claiming to be a detective, and asked him if he could identify individuals in a photo. Rader showed Steve a photo of his wife and daughter, who Steve mistakenly identified as his mother and sister. He then followed Steve back to his mother's house.
At the Relford residence, Rader asked Shirley if she could identify the same photo. During this interaction, Rader pulled a gun and forced his way into the home. He claimed that he was a wanted man, and that they were being robbed. Rader attempted to tie up the three Relford children but struggled to do so, leading him to force the children into a bathroom, which he barricaded with Shirley's assistance. Rader reported giving the kids toys and supplies to keep them "comfortable" while he murdered their mother. He threatened to shoot the children if they broke free. After this, Rader took Relford to the rear bedroom. Relford vomited before being tied to her bedpost by her legs and handcuffed. Rader strangled her with rope after placing a plastic bag over her head. During the murder, Shirley was sick and asked for water, which Rader provided prior to strangling her.
Rader later confessed that he intended to eventually kill the children in the bathroom. However, the family phone rang and one of the children shouted that it was someone who would be visiting shortly, so Rader fled the home.
Murder of Nancy Jo Fox
Rader had been stalking Nancy Jo Fox (25) for some time and had decided he was going to kill her; he gave her the name "Project Foxhunt".[49]
On December 8, 1977, Rader broke into Fox's home through a back window, after discovering she was out. After some time, Fox returned and began screaming at Rader to leave her house and that she was going to call the police. Rader informed her that her phone lines were cut and she would not be able to make any calls. Rader informed her that he intended to restrain her, take photographs of her, and rape her. He let Fox smoke a cigarette before this.
Rader allowed Fox to go to the bathroom after she assured him that she could not escape. Rader ordered Fox to come out of the bathroom partially undressed. Rader began to undress and he ordered her to lay down when she emerged from the bathroom. Fox resisted when Rader tried to remove her remaining clothing. Rader then began putting handcuffs on Fox, to which she protested and questioned the need for. Rader told her, "that's part of my deal. I got to have them or it won't work." Rader then began to crawl on top of Fox, and wrapped his belt around her neck. He would repeatedly loosen and tighten the belt, allowing her to come close to unconsciousness and then bring her back, before eventually killing her.
Attempted murder of Anna Williams
During this time, Rader also intended to kill others, such as Anna Williams (63), who, in 1979, escaped death by returning home much later than expected. Rader explained during his confession that he became obsessed with Williams and was "absolutely livid" when she evaded him. He recalled spending hours waiting at Williams' home but becoming impatient and leaving when she did not return from visiting friends.[53]
Communications
"I did it" (October 1974)
In October 1974, Rader sent a letter to the The Wichita Eagle using the pseudonym "BTK" taking responsibility for the Otero murders and offering details about the crime not previously made public.[54][55][56] He said, "I did it by myself and no ones help", referring to three brothers in psychiatric care who had falsely confessed to the Otero murders the month prior.[57][58] Earlier, in July, a man in Washington D.C. was arrested for the murders,[59] but was cleared after a fingerprint comparison. In response to the letter, the Beacon ran a classified ad reading, "B.T.K Help is Available. Call 684-6321 before 10 p.m." for several of their late October issues.[60]
"Nancy Fox" (December 1977)
On December 9, 1977, one day after he killed Fox, Rader called police from a payphone and told them they would find Fox's body at her home.[61] The call was recorded and released to the larger public in 1979, sparking over a hundred tips albeit none were promising.[62]
"How many do I have to kill?" (February 1978)
On February 10, 1978,[63] Rader sent another letter to Wichita television station KAKE again claiming responsibility for the Otero murders along with those of Bright, Relford, and Fox.[64] He suggested many possible names for himself, including "BTK". He demanded media attention in this second letter, saying "How many do I have to kill, before I get a name in the paper or some national attention?" A poem was enclosed titled "Oh! Death to Nancy", a parody of the lyrics to the American folk song "O Death".[65][66] In the letter, Rader claimed to be driven to kill by "factor X", which he characterized as a supernatural element that also motivated Jack the Ripper, the Son of Sam and the Hillside Stranglers, and also asked for the police to send him a hidden message.[67] The letter was traced to a copy machine at the Wichita State University library, where Rader was a student at the time.[68]
Investigation
With the knowledge that the BTK killer watched KAKE, police decided to flash a subliminal message during one of the station's evening newscasts for a split second. The message stated: "Now call the chief", and featured a drawing of an upside-down pair of glasses, which were found at the Fox crime scene.[63][69] They hoped the message would influence the killer to turn himself in, but it was unsuccessful.[70]
In the mid-1980s, with the BTK killer still having not been identified, a new task force of detectives colloquially known as the "Ghostbusters" revamped the investigation based on advancements with physical evidence, and over the span of three years compared blood and saliva samples with as many as 225 suspects, many of whom no longer lived in Wichita, and all but seven were cleared.[71][72][73]
The case was still considered active in the 1990s, but investigators described their frustration with draining leads and worthless tips. Many former detectives on the case believed the killer was either imprisoned for another crime, was in a mental institution, was deceased, or possibly found a submissive partner who allowed him to act out his sexual fantasies on them.[74] At a lecture at Wichita State University, former FBI agent Robert Ressler correctly assumed the killer was a graduate student in the criminal justice field.[75] In 1998, investigators opted to use geographic profiling in an attempt to locate BTK's possible area of residence.[76]
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Hiatus years
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During his "cooling off" periods between murders, Rader would take pictures of himself wearing women's clothes and a female mask while bound. He later admitted that he was pretending to be his victims as part of his sexual fantasy.[77] Rader kept his proclivities well hidden, and was widely regarded in his community as "normal, polite, and well mannered".[20] He was a member of Christ Lutheran Church in Wichita, and in January 2005 was elected president of the church council.[78][38][79][80] He was also a Cub Scout leader.[38][79]
In 1989, Rader was a field operations supervisor for the Wichita area for the 1990 federal census.[64] In May 1991, Rader became a dogcatcher and compliance officer in Park City.[38][81][82][83] In this role, neighbors described Rader as being sometimes overzealous and extremely strict. One neighbor recalled observing Rader in their front lawn with a tape measure to determine if their grass was too long;[84] another claimed they spotted Rader in their adjoining backyards filming their house;[85] and a female neighbor complained that Rader killed her dog for no reason.[86] Rader's neighbors recalled him taking special pleasure in bullying and harassing single women.[87] Two women he stalked in the 1980s, and one whom he stalked in the mid-1990s, filed restraining orders against him; one of these women also changed her address to avoid him.[88] He served on the Sedgwick County Animal Control Advisory Board from 1996 to 1998.[89] His Park City home was demolished in March 2007.[90]
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Later murders
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Marine Hedge
Rader had been stalking Marine Hedge (53) for some time and had given her the name "Project Cookie".[49] She lived only a few houses up from Rader, and he selected her just to see if he could murder one of his neighbors and get away with it. Rader was attending a Cub Scouts outing on April 27, 1985, the night of the murder.[91] He had faked a headache, blaming the rainy and muddy weather, and said he was going to bed early. He quietly left and drove to a deserted area where he quickly changed out of his Cub Scouts attire. He then drove to a bowling alley across the street from Brittany Center at 21st Street and Woodlawn. He walked in, ordered a beer, swished it in his mouth, and splashed it on his face and clothes. He then called a taxi using a fake slurred drunk voice. He was dropped off one street down from his and Hedge's street.
Rader cut the phones line to Hedge's home and managed to break into the home without damaging it too much. He then hid in a closet. After some waiting, Hedge came home with her boyfriend, leading Rader to wait even longer in the bedroom closet until he left, and for Hedge to get into bed. After he was confident Hedge was in bed, he crept out of the closet and quickly flipped on the bathroom light switch. Hedge woke up and began screaming. Rader subdued and handcuffed Hedge before strangling her to death. Rader then wanted to remove her from the house to "tie her up and take pictures of her". After finding her car keys and collecting mementos, Rader stripped Hedge and dragged her out to her car. He drove her to the Christ Lutheran Church, where he was a long-time member and keyholder. He dragged Hedge's body into the building and covered the windows before turning on the lights, ensuring no light would be visible from the outside. He then began positioning the body in the church and taking photographs of the corpse.
As daylight was approaching, Rader cleaned the scene, removed the garbage bags off the windows, turned off the lights, and returned the body to the trunk. Rader drove a little distance away, and dumped Hedge's nude body in a remote ditch and covered her with brush.
Vicki Wegerle
At this time, Rader was working for ADT and was out working when he saw Vicki Lynn Wegerle (28) get into her car. He stalked her for a little bit, before learning she played piano after hearing her playing it when prowling around outside her house. He referred to her as "Project Piano".[49]
On September 16, 1986, Rader used one of the company's hard-hats, and a Southwest Bell manual to act as a repairman or technician for the telephone company. Rader first gained entry into Wegerle's neighbor's house, and pretended to do telephone work, before leaving and knocking on Wegerle's door. He did this to make her less suspicious. Once in the house, Rader told Wegerle he had to check the "telephone terminals". Wegerle directed him to the phone near the dining room table. Rader made small talk with Wegerle as he pretended to check the phone. After declaring the phone line looked okay, Rader pulled a gun on Wegerle and instructed her to go to the bedroom.
Wegerle told Rader that her husband would be home soon, but he persisted. Rader forced her in to the bedroom, where Wegerle broke free of her bonds and fought back. She scratched Rader's face hard enough that, at the time of his confession 20 years later, Rader testified that he "probably still ha[d] the scratch somewhere ... if you looked". The struggle upset the Wegerles' dogs, who began barking. Rader grew nervous, because the windows were open and he did not know when Wergele's husband would be home. Rader did not have much time but he took pictures after he killed her for "sexual purposes".
Rader fled with the Wegerle car, and passed Vicki's husband on the way out. Rader parked the car in a grocery store parking lot, and drove back home in his car. As he passed the Wegerle home, he saw EMS responding.
Dolores Davis
Rader had seen Dolores Davis (62) not far from where he lived, and stalked her for a while. Rader codenamed Davis "Project Dogside" because of the dog kennels north of her home.[92] Rader "cased" the Davis home many times trying to figure out a plan, being unable to figure out a way to break in.[93]
Rader used a Trappers Scout outing as cover for the murder. On January 18, 1991, the Trappers were having their annual "dead of winter" outing at Harvey County Park West. Rader went to the park and set up camp before fabricating a story and leaving. Rader then drove to his parents' house and got undressed out of the trapping scout clothes.[94] Rader then drove to Park City Baptist Church, to which he had a key because of his Boys Scouts duties. Rader left the church, walking through wheat fields and cutting through a cemetery to get to Davis's home. The severe cold drove Rader to break-in by smashing the window rather than trying to break in more quietly.[95]
The time was 10:30 p.m. to 11 p.m. when Rader arrived at the Davis home, where he could see Davis reading through the window blinds. Rader waited until the lights had been out for a few minutes, then threw a cinder block through the sliding glass door. Davis ran out of her bedroom yelling. Rader used his wanted man ruse on her. He said he would tie her up and leave her, but take her car and some food after taking some time to warm up. Davis refused and told him to leave, at which point Rader informed her that he had a gun, a club, and a knife on his person. Davis then became cooperative.[4] Rader obtained the keys to her car and rattled around in the kitchen pretending to look for food. Rader believed that while he was tying her up with a pair of her pantyhose that Davis realized that he was going to kill her. She begged for her life, prompting Rader to strangle her with the pantyhose. Rader initially was going to stay and take photos with the body, but Davis had lied to him and said that somebody was coming soon, forcing him to leave sooner than he had planned.[96]
Rader used a bedspread to drag Davis's body to her car and put her in the trunk. Rader drove her car to the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) lake, where he dumped her body in the bushes. Rader drove back to Davis's home and threw her keys on the roof, having read that the police had looked for the Otero's keys on the roof of their home. Rader walked back to the Baptist Church to pick up his car. Rader drove back to the KDOT, collected the body, and drove out to a rural area, where he dumped the body underneath a bridge. Rader did not take any pictures the night of the murder because he needed to get back to camp before his absence was noticed.[97]
Davis was discovered on February 1, 1991, by a 15-year-old boy, Nelson Schock. Schock's dog went under the bridge and the boy followed when he was unable to call it back up to the street.[98]
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2000s developments
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By the early 2000s, the investigation of the BTK killer was considered a cold case.[99] Local author Robert Beattie began writing a book about the killings, Nightmare in Wichita, after being shocked that many young people he spoke to had never heard of the BTK case.[100] In January 2004, The Wichita Eagle published the story "BTK case unsolved, 30 years later" as it approached the 30th anniversary of the Otero murders; in a 2005 interview, Rader said he saw the story and was "kind of bored" so he decided to resurface as BTK and resume sending letters.[101]
BTK reemerges
On March 19, 2004,[102] The Wichita Eagle received a letter from someone using the name "Bill Thomas Killman" claiming that he had murdered Vicki Wegerle in 1986. Enclosed with the message were photographs of the crime scene and a photocopy of Wegerle's driver's license, which had been stolen at the time of the crime.[49][103] Prior to this message, it had not been definitively established that Wegerle was killed by BTK.[103] DNA collected from under her fingernails provided police with previously unknown evidence. They began DNA testing hundreds of men, including police officers and college professors, in an effort to find the killer.[104][105][106] Altogether, more than 1,300 DNA samples were taken and later destroyed by court order.[107]
In May 2004, KAKE received a letter with chapter headings for the "BTK Story", fake IDs and a word puzzle.[36] On June 9, a package was found taped to a stop sign at the corner of First and Kansas roads in Wichita, which contained graphic descriptions of the Otero murders and a sketch labeled "The Sexual Thrill Is My Bill".[96] Also enclosed was a chapter list for a proposed book titled The BTK Story, which mimicked a story written in 1999 by Court TV crime writer David Lohr. Chapter One was titled "A Serial Killer Is Born". In July, a package dropped into the return slot at a public library contained more bizarre material, including the claim that BTK was responsible for the death of 19-year-old Jake Allen in Argonia, Kansas, earlier that month. This claim was false, and that death was ruled a suicide.[95]
In his letters, Rader revealed considerable information about himself to detectives, including that he was former military and had a fascination with trains. Conversely, he also gave investigators misleading or false information like claiming he was born in 1939 and moved around frequently as a child.[108] After his capture, Rader admitted in his interrogation that he had been planning to kill again, that he had set a date (October 2004) and was stalking his intended victim.[88] That month, a manila envelope was dropped into a UPS box in Wichita. It contained many cards with images of terror and bondage of children pasted on them, a poem threatening the life of lead investigator Lieutenant Ken Landwehr and a false autobiography with many details about Rader's life. These details were later released to the public.[109] In December 2004, Wichita police received another package from the killer.[110] This time, the package was found in Wichita's Murdock Park. It contained the driver's license of Nancy Fox, which was noted as stolen from the crime scene, as well as a doll that was symbolically bound at the hands and feet with a plastic bag tied over its head.[95]
In January 2005, Rader attempted to leave a cereal box in the bed of a pickup truck at a Home Depot in Wichita, but the box was discarded by the truck's owner.[111] It was later retrieved from the trash after Rader asked what had become of it in a later message. Surveillance tape of the parking lot from that date revealed a distant figure driving a black Jeep Cherokee leaving the box in the pickup. In February 2005, more postcards were sent to KAKE, and another cereal box left at a rural location was found to contain another bound doll.[112]
In his letters to police, Rader asked if his writings, if put on a floppy disk, could be traced or not. The police answered his question in a newspaper ad posted in The Wichita Eagle, saying "Rex, it will be ok".[113] On February 16, 2005, Rader sent a purple 1.44-megabyte Memorex floppy disk to Wichita station KSAS-TV.[114][115] Also enclosed were a letter, a gold-colored necklace with a large medallion and a photocopy of the cover of Rules of Prey, a 1989 novel by John Sandford about a serial killer.[115]
Surveillance of Rader
Police found metadata embedded in a deleted Microsoft Word document that was, unknown to Rader, still stored on the floppy disk. It was a church meeting agenda written and edited by Dennis himself.[116] The metadata contained the words "Christ Lutheran Church" and the document was marked as last modified by "Dennis".[117] An Internet search determined that a "Dennis Rader" was president of the church council.[114] When investigators drove by Rader's house, a black Jeep Cherokee was parked outside.[118] This was strong circumstantial evidence against Rader, but they needed more direct evidence to detain him.[119]
Police obtained a warrant to test a pap smear taken from Rader's daughter at the Kansas State University medical clinic. DNA tests showed a "familial match" between the pap smear and the sample from Wegerle's fingernails; this indicated that the killer was closely related to Rader's daughter and, combined with the other evidence, was enough for police to arrest Rader.[120]
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Arrest
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Rader was arrested while driving near his home in Park City shortly after noon on February 25, 2005.[121] An officer asked, "Mr. Rader, do you know why you're going downtown?" Rader replied, "Oh, I have suspicions why."[122][123]
Officers from the Wichita Police, Kansas Bureau of Investigation, and FBI and ATF searched Rader's home and vehicle, seizing evidence including computer equipment, a pair of black pantyhose retrieved from a shed and a cylindrical container. Christ Lutheran Church, Rader's office and the main branch of the Park City library were also searched.[53]
At a press conference the next morning, Wichita Police Chief Norman Williams announced, "The bottom line: BTK is arrested."[124][125]
Rader asked about the death penalty, and inquired several times about what his potential sentence would end up being. Rader further asked whether he would be assigned to a "special section" of prison or among the "loonies" in the general population.[48]
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Legal proceedings
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On February 28, 2005, Rader was charged with 10 counts of first degree murder.[126] Soon afterward, the Associated Press cited an anonymous source alleging that Rader had confessed to other murders in addition to those with which he had been connected.[127] However, the Sedgwick County district attorney denied the story, yet refused to say whether Rader had made any confessions or if investigators were looking into his possible involvement in more unsolved killings.[128] On March 5, news sources claimed to have verified by multiple sources that Rader had confessed to the 10 murders he was charged with, but no other ones.[129] On March 1, Rader's bail was set at US$10 million, and a public defender was appointed to represent him.[130] On May 3, the judge entered not guilty pleas on Rader's behalf, as Rader did not speak at his arraignment.[131]
Conviction and sentencing
On June 27, the scheduled trial date, Rader changed his plea to guilty. He described the murders, which he referred to as "projects",[132] in detail to the court and made no apologies.[133][134][135][136][137]
At Rader's August 18 sentencing, victims' families made statements, after which Rader apologized in a rambling 30-minute monologue[138] that the prosecutor likened to an Academy Awards acceptance speech.[139] His statement has been described as an example of an often-observed phenomenon among psychopaths: their inability to understand the emotional content of language.[140] Rader was sentenced to 10 consecutive life sentences, with a minimum of 175 years.[141] Kansas did not enforce the death penalty at the time of the murders.[139] On August 19, Rader was moved to the El Dorado Correctional Facility.[142]
Psychological evaluation
Massachusetts psychologist Robert Mendoza was hired by Rader's public defenders to conduct a psychological evaluation and determine if an insanity-based defense might be viable. He conducted an interview after Rader had pleaded guilty on June 27, 2005. Mendoza diagnosed Rader with narcissistic, obsessive-compulsive and antisocial personality disorders: he observed that Rader has a grandiose sense of self, a belief that he is "special" and therefore entitled to special treatment; a pathological need for attention and admiration; a preoccupation with maintaining rigid order and structure; and a complete lack of empathy.[143]
The videotape of Mendoza's interview ended up being used on NBC's Dateline. NBC claimed Rader knew the interview might be televised, but this was false according to the Sedgwick County Sheriff's Office. Rader mentioned the interview during his sentencing statement. On October 25, 2005, the Kansas attorney general filed a petition to sue Mendoza and Tali Waters, co-owners of Cambridge Forensic Consultants LLC, for breach of contract, claiming that they intended to benefit financially from the use of information obtained through involvement in Rader's defense. On May 10, 2007, Mendoza settled the case for US$30,000 with no admission of wrongdoing.[144]
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Victims
Aftermath
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Perspective
Rader talked about innocuous topics such as the weather during the forty-minute drive to El Dorado but began to cry when the victims' families' statements from the court proceedings came on the radio. He is now in solitary confinement for his protection. This will likely continue until his death.[86]
In April 2006, the Kansas Department of Corrections cited Rader's good behavior for him being granted privileges such as allowing him to possess a television set, listen to the radio, read books, and possess art supplies.[148] Prosecutors had rejected such privileges, saying images of women and children along with news accounts of his murders would allow him to relive his sex-fueled fantasies.[149]
In 2019, Rader's daughter, Kerri Rawson, published her book A Serial Killer's Daughter: My Story of Faith, Love, and Overcoming where she goes over her childhood and Rader's role. In an interview with ABC News, Kerri stated she writes to her father and has now forgiven him, but still struggles to reconcile her "normal" childhood with the knowledge that she was raised by the BTK killer.[93] Rawson visited him in 2023 and reported him as "rotting" and "unhappy", reporting that "he's lost like 7 inches and he's in a wheelchair."[150] At the 2024 Crime Con in Nashville, Tennessee, Kerri presented excerpts from her father's journal that revealed he had sexually abused her when she was a child.[151][152]
Further investigations
Following Rader's arrest, police in Wichita and several surrounding cities looked into unsolved cases with the cooperation of the state police and the FBI. They particularly focused on cases after 1994, when the death penalty was reinstated in Kansas. Police in surrounding states also investigated cold cases that fit Rader's pattern. After exhaustive investigations, none of these agencies discovered any further murders attributable to Rader, supporting early suspicions that he would have taken responsibility for any additional murders that he had committed. As a result, the ten known murders were at that point believed to be the only murders for which Rader was actually responsible, although Wichita police are fairly certain that he stalked and researched a number of other potential victims. This includes one person who was saved when Rader called off his planned attack upon his arrival near the target's home due to the presence of construction and road crews nearby. Rader stated in his police interview that "there are a lot of lucky people", meaning that he had thought about and developed various levels of murder plans for other victims.[34]
In August 2023, the Associated Press reported that authorities discovered "possible trophies" from victims after launching a search for evidence at Rader's former Park City home, resulting in the investigation of his potential involvement in additional unsolved disappearances and murders.[153] Among the cases was the disappearance of Cynthia Dawn Kinney, 16, in Osage, Oklahoma, on June 23, 1976.[154] Witnesses said she left the Osage Laundromat at 9:30 a.m. and got into a faded beige 1965 Plymouth Belvedere.[155] Osage Sheriff Eddie Virden claimed that Rader had been identified as a prime suspect after it was determined that he was involved in Boy Scout events in the area and when it was learned that Rader had included the phrase "bad wash day" in his writings. A bank was also having new ADT alarms installed across the street from the laundromat when Kinney went missing; Rader was a regional installer for ADT at the time. Furthermore, Rader has allegedly claimed to have "fantasized about kidnapping a girl from a laundromat".[94] Rader has denied involvement in the murder, which Virden believes is due to possibly being tried in Oklahoma and potentially being given the death penalty.[156]
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In media
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Forensic psychologist Katherine Ramsland compiled Confession of a Serial Killer from her five-year correspondence with Rader.[157]
Documentaries and TV specials:
- KSNW documented the then-unidentified BTK killer in the 2002 series, "BTK: A New Theory".[158]
- Born to Kill? covered Rader's crimes and personal life in season 4, episode 6, "Dennis Rader: The Bind and Torture Killer (BTK)".[159]
Multiple works draw on the case:
- Stephen King has said his novella A Good Marriage, and the film based on it, were inspired by the BTK killer.[160]
- Novelist Thomas Harris has said that the character of Francis Dolarhyde in his 1981 novel Red Dragon is partially based on the then-unidentified BTK killer.[161]
- The 2004 Law & Order: Special Victims Unit episode "Scavenger" is based on this case.[162]
- Episode 15 of season 1 (2006) of Criminal Minds, titled "Unfinished Business" is based on Rader's murders.[163][164]
- A character based on Rader played by actor Sonny Valicenti appears in the Netflix series Mindhunter.[165][166]
- Writer-director Ulli Lommel depicted Rader's murder spree and subsequent capture in the highly fictionalized B.T.K. Killer (2005).
- Kane Hodder portrays Rader in the 2008 movie B.T.K., a half biopic and half fictionalized account of the murders.
- The antagonist from the movie The Clovehitch Killer was inspired by Dennis Rader.[167]
- Thrash metal band Exodus wrote a song entitled "BTK" for their album Blood In, Blood Out, which was inspired by Rader's crimes.[168]
- The song "Raider II" from Steven Wilson's 2011 album Grace for Drowning is written primarily about Rader's murders.[169]
- The Netflix docuseries Catching Killers went over the BTK case on Season 2, Episode 1.[170]
- The death metal band Suffocation song titled "Bind Torture Kill".
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See also
References
Further reading
External links
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