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Dicerorhinus

Genus of mammals From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dicerorhinus
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Dicerorhinus (Greek: "two" (dio), "horn" (keratos), "nose" (rhinos)[1])[citation needed] is a genus of the family Rhinocerotidae, consisting of a single extant species, the two-horned Sumatran rhinoceros (D. sumatrensis), and several extinct species. The genus likely originated from the Late Miocene of central Myanmar.[2] Many species previously placed in this genus probably belong elsewhere.[3]

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Taxonomy

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Species provisionally considered valid include:

  • Dicerorhinus fusuiensis[4][5] originally described as Rhinoceros fusuiensis[6] Early Pleistocene, South China.
  • Dicerorhinus gwebinensis Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein et al., 2008 Known from a skull of Pliocene-Early Pleistocene age found in Myanmar.[7] Some authors have considered the skull not distinguishable from that of D. sumatrensis.[8]

Historically, Dicerorhinus was a wastebasket taxon. Revisions by several authors over the years have removed many species:

Transferred to Stephanorhinus[3]

Transferred to Dihoplus[3]

  • Dicerorhinus megarhinus
  • Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri
  • Dicerorhinus ringstroemi

Transferred to Caementodon

  • Dicerorhinus caucasicus[10]

Transferred to Lartetotherium

  • Dicerorhinus sansaniensis
  • Dicerorhinus cixianensis Chen and Wu, 1976[11]

Transferred to Rusingaceros

  • Dicerorhinus leakeyi

Placement of the Sumatran rhinoceros among recent and subfossil rhinoceros species based on nuclear genomes (Liu, 2021)[12]

Elasmotheriinae

Elasmotherium sibiricum

Rhinocerotinae

Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)

Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)

Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)

Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)

Woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis)

Merck's rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis)

Bayesian morphological phylogeny (Pandolfi, 2023) Note: This excludes living African rhinoceros species.[13]

Rhinocerotina
Dicerorhinus

Dicerorhinus gwebinensis

Dicerorhinus fusuiensis

Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Sumatran rhinoceros)

Dihoplus schleiermacheri

"Dihoplus" pikermiensis

Coelodonta

Coelodonta thibetana

Coelodonta nihowanensis

Pliorhinus
Stephanorhinus

Stephanorhinus jeanvireti

Stephanorhinus etruscus

Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis

Stephanorhinus hemitoechus (Narrow-nosed or steppe rhinoceros)

Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis (Merck's or forest rhinoceros)

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References

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