Dolgans

For the family name, see Dolgan (surname).

Dolgans (Russian: Долганы; Dolgan: долган, дулҕан, Һака, romanized: dolgan, dulğan, haka (Sakha); Yakut: тыа-киһи, romanized: tıa-kihi) are a Turkicized Tungusic ethnic group who mostly inhabit Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. They are descended from several groups, particularly Evenks,^[2] one of the Indigenous peoples of the Russian North. Dolgans are the most closely related to the Evenks. They adopted a Turkic language sometime in the early 19th century.^[2] The 2010 Census counted 7,885 Dolgans. This number includes 5,517 in Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District.

Dolgans

Total population
7,911[citation needed]
Regions with significant populations
Russia Krasnoyarsk Krai Sakha	7,885[1]
Languages
Dolgan, Russian
Religion
Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
Related ethnic groups
Yakuts and Evenks

A Dolgan man

Dolgan speak the Dolgan language,^[3] which is closely related to the Yakut language.^[2]

A Dolgan woman in Dudinka

Settlement of Dolgans in the Siberian Federal District by urban and rural settlements in%, 2010 census

Settlement of Dolgans in the Far Eastern Federal District by urban and rural settlements in%, 2010 census

History

In the 17th century, the Dolgans lived in the basins of the Olenyok River and Lena River. They moved to their current location, Taymyr, in the 18th century.^[4] The Dolgan identity began to emerge during the 19th and early 20th centuries, under the influence of three groups who migrated to the Krasnoyarsk area from the Lena River and Olenyok River region: Evenks, Yakuts, Enets, and so-called tundra peasants (зату́ндренные крестья́не, zatúndrennye krest’jáne).

Culture and livelihood

Originally, the Dolgans were nomadic hunters and reindeer herders. However, they were prevented from following a nomadic lifestyle during the Soviet era and required to form kolkhozy (rural collectives) that – in addition to their traditional activities – engaged in reindeer breeding, fishing, dairy farming and market gardening. In 1983, the anthropologist Shirin Akiner claimed: "Dolgans enjoy full Soviet citizenship. They are found in all occupations, though the majority are peasants and collective farm workers. Their standard of housing is comparable to that of other national groups in the Soviet Union."^[4]

Religion

Most Dolgans practice old shamanistic beliefs; however, most are influenced by Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

Notable Dolgans

• Ogdo Aksyonova – a poet, the founder of Dolgan literature