Dzubukuá language

Dzubukuá (or Kariri), referred to by the community as Kariri-Xocó,^[3] is an extinct Karirian language of Brazil. It is sometimes considered a dialect of a single Kariri language. Since 1989, there is a process of linguistic revitalization underway; the Tingui-Botó people claim to use Dzubukuá, their ancestral language, in their secret Ouricuri ritual.^[4]

Dzubukuá
Kiriri, Kariri-Xocó
kariri xocó
Native to	Brazil
Region	Cabrobó, Pernambuco
Ethnicity	Kariri-Xocó [pt] (Kiriri, Tingui-Botó, Xocó [pt], Fulni-ô [pt], Natú, Pankararú [pt], Karapotó [pt])
Extinct	mid-20th century[citation needed]
Revival	1989[1][2]
Language family	Macro-Jê Karirian Dzubukuá
Language codes
ISO 639-3	kzw [3]
Glottolog	dzub1241  Dzubukuá kari1255  Karirí-Xocó

It was spoken on the São Francisco River islands, in the Cabrobó area of Pernambuco.^{[5][page needed]}

Documentation

There are only two known primary sources containing the Dzubukuá language. One is a manuscript dated 1702,^[a] and the other is a 1709 catechism,^[b] both by the French Capuchin missionary Bernardo de Nantes.^[6] In the preface of the catechism, Nantes attests to the distinction between the way the Dzubukuá and Kipeá speak ("One language is as different from the other as Portuguese is from Castilian").^[7]

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant sounds^[8][9]

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stop	voiceless	p	t		k
	voiced	b	d		ɡ
Affricate	voiceless		ts
	voiced		dz
Nasal		m	n	ɲ
Fricative						h
Flap			ɾ
Approximant		(w)	l	(j)

Vowels

Vowel sounds^[10][11]

	Front		Central	Back
	unrounded	rounded
High	i		ɨ	u
Mid	e	œ		o
Low			a