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Kipeá language
Extinct Karirian language of Brazil From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Kipeá (or Kiriri) is an extinct Karirian language of Brazil. It is sometimes considered a dialect of a single Kariri language. A short grammatical treatise is available.[3][4]
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Documentation and modern studies
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Among the Kariri varieties, Kipeá is the best documented. There are two main sources for it, namely the Catecismo da doutrina christãa na lingua brasilica da nação kiriri and the Arte de grammatica da lingua brasilica da naçam kiriri, both composed by Italian Jesuit Luís Vincêncio Mamiani.[5][6] The Catecismo was published in 1698 with a facsimile edition issued by the Biblioteca Nacional in 1942, while the Arte was published in 1699 with a new edition released in 1877 also by the Biblioteca Nacional, and a German translation by C. von der Gabelentz in 1852 under the title Grammatik der Kiriri-Sprache.[6][a]
Jesuit João de Barros is said to have composed a catechism and a vocabulary of the language. Serafim Leite conjectured that the Arte and the Catecismo were in fact the work of Barros, merely studied and prepared for publication by Mamiani.[6] However, this assumption is considered unlikely, given what Mamiani himself states at the beginning of the Arte, where he writes he "did not deem it time wasted, nor an unnecessary occupation, but rather a very necessary one" to compose a grammar.[7] This is further supported by the testimonies of priests João Mateus Faletto and José Coelho, who granted approval for the publication of the work. Moreover, in the Catecismo Mamiani claims to have had "twelve years of experience with the language among the Indians".[8]
Lucien Adam published a comparative study of Dzubukuá, Kipeá, Pedra Branca, and Sabujá,[b] but his work is considered not to have brought any new contribution to the knowledge of Kipeá.[8] In 1965, Gilda M. Corrêa de Azevedo completed her master's thesis on it under the supervision of Aryon Rodrigues; it was the first one on an Indigenous language ever produced in Brazil. Later that year, however, the military regime's intervention at the University of Brasília led to the resignation of more than 200 professors, leaving only a few in the Department of Linguistics.[9]
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Phonology
Grammar
The morphology of the Kipeá language is predominantly isolating and analytic, unusual for a language native to the Americas.[13]
Clauses with one-argument verbs show the verb–intransitive subject order, and those with two-argument verbs show verb–transitive (direct) object–transitive subject, where the transitive subject is marked by the ergative preposition no.[14]
Kipeá has prepositions but not postpositions. If an adposition relates to a pronoun, it may be prefixed to the adposition. Some adpositions have different allomorphs when they follow a pronoun or pronominal prefix.[15]
Notes and references
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
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