Early Closing Association

The Early Closing Association was formed in the United Kingdom in 1842^[1] or 1843^[2] to control the hours of labour in retail shops. It was promoted by Samuel Carter Hall, George Dawson^[3] and John Passmore Edwards,^[4] among others. Half-day early closing was not finally won until 1912. ^{[citation needed]}

Victoria (Australia)

A similar association was founded in Melbourne in the 1850s. Retail workers sought to reduce the number of work hours and to introduce early closing on Saturdays.^[5]