Ectopic hormone

An ectopic hormone is a hormone produced by tumors derived from tissue that is not typically associated with its production.^[1]

On the other hand, the term entopic is used to refer to hormones produced by tissue in tumors that are normally engaged in the production of that hormone. ^[2]

The excess hormone secretion is considered detrimental to the normal body homeostasis.^[3] This hormone production typically results in a set of signs and symptoms that are called a paraneoplastic syndrome.^[2]

Some clinical syndromes caused by ectopic hormone production include:

Syndrome	Main causal cancers	Ectopic hormone
Cushing syndrome	Small-cell lung cancer[4] Pancreatic carcinoma[4] Neural tumors[4] Thymoma	Ectopic ACTH and ACTH-like substance
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone	Small-cell lung cancer[4]	Ectopic Antidiuretic hormone[4]
Hypercalcemia	Lung cancer (typically squamous cell)[4] Breast carcinoma[4] Renal and bladder carcinoma[4][5] Multiple myeloma (may occur independent of osteolytic lesions) Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma[4] Ovarian carcinoma[4] Squamous cell carcinoma (e.g., lung, head, neck, esophageus)[4][5]	Ectopic PTHrP (Parathyroid hormone-related protein), TGF-α, TNF, IL-1[4]
Hypoglycemia	Fibrosarcoma[4] Hemangiopericytomas[1]	Ectopic Insulin-like growth factor 2
Hyperaldosteronism	Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Ovarian carcinoma Pulmonary	Ectopic Aldosterone[6]