Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges

Edward Ettingdere Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges (4 August 1892 – 27 August 1969), was a British civil servant.

The Right Honourable The Lord Bridges KG GCB GCVO MC PC FRS
Cabinet Secretary
In office 1938–1946
Preceded by	Sir Maurice Hankey
Succeeded by	Sir Norman Brook
Head of the Home Civil Service
In office 1945–1956
Preceded by	Sir Horace Wilson
Succeeded by	Sir Norman Brook
Member of the House of Lords
Lord Temporal
In office 5 February 1957 – 27 August 1969
Preceded by	Peerage created
Succeeded by	The 2nd Baron Bridges
Personal details
Born	Edward Ettingdene Bridges 4 August 1892
Died	27 August 1969(1969-08-27) (aged 77)
Spouse	Katharine Farrer (died in 1986)
Children	4, including Thomas and Margaret
Parent	Robert Bridges (father)
Alma mater	Magdalen College, Oxford

Early life

Bridges was born on 4 August 1892 in Yattendon in Berkshire. He was the son of Robert Bridges, later Poet Laureate, and the pianist (Mary) Monica Waterhouse,^[1] daughter of the architect Alfred Waterhouse and niece of Price Waterhouse co-founder Edwin Waterhouse. He was educated at Eton and Magdalen College, Oxford.

Career

Military service

Bridges then fought in the First World War with the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, eventually achieving the rank of captain and being awarded the Military Cross.^[2]

Public service

He later joined the Civil Service and in 1938 he was appointed Cabinet Secretary, succeeding Sir Maurice Hankey. Bridges remained in this post until 1946, when he was made Permanent Secretary to the Treasury and Head of the Home Civil Service, a position he held until 1956. In his post-war memoirs, Winston Churchill praised Bridges' wartime work as Secretary to the War Cabinet, writing that not only was Bridges "an extremely competent and tireless worker, but he was also a man of exceptional force, ability, and personal charm, without a trace of jealousy in his nature".^[3]

During his time as the Head of the Home Civil Service, Bridges promoted the opening of the Civil Service Club, which was a gift from Queen Elizabeth II by her wish, to be applied to some object of general benefit to the Civil and Foreign Services using the balance of the Wedding Fund collected by the Home Civil Service and the Foreign Service on the occasion of her wedding to Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten.^[4] The Civil Service Club has a meeting room named in honour of Bridges.

After his retirement, Bridges served as Chancellor of the University of Reading. He was given honorary degrees from several universities and appointed a Fellow of the Royal Society.^[5] He also published The State and the Arts, Romanes Lecture for 1958, Oxford, and The Treasury (Oxford University Press, 1964).

Personal life

Memorial to Robert Bridges and Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges, in St Nicholas-at-Wade, Kent

Bridges married Katharine Dianthe Farrer, daughter of Thomas Farrer, 2nd Baron Farrer, on 6 June 1922. They had four children:

• Shirley Frances Bridges (1924–2015)
• Thomas Edward Bridges, 2nd Baron Bridges (1927–2017), a diplomat
• Robert Bridges (1930–2015) (an architect)
• Margaret Evelyn Bridges (1932–2014^[6]) a medieval historian. married, firstly, Trevor Aston, secondly Paul Buxton.

Bridges died at Winterfold Heath, Surrey, on 27 August 1969, aged 77. He was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son Thomas Edward Bridges, a diplomat who served as British Ambassador to Italy from 1983 to 1987.

Honours

In the 1939 New Year Honours, Bridges was appointed to the Order of the Bath as a Knight Commander (KCB)^[7] and in the 1944 New Year Honours was promoted within the same Order as a Knight Grand Cross (GCB).^[8] In the 1946 Birthday Honours, Sir Edward was appointed to the Royal Victorian Order as a Knight Grand Cross (GCVO).^[9] Sir Edward was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1952 (FRS).^[10] He was then sworn of the Privy Council in the 1953 Coronation Honours.^[11] In 1957, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Bridges, of Headley in the County of Surrey, and of St Nicholas at Wade in the County of Kent.^[12] Lord Bridges was appointed to the Order of the Garter as a Knight Companion (KG) in 1965.^[13]

Arms

Coat of arms of Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges

Coronet An Baron's Coronet Crest A man's head and shoulders proper Crined and bearded Sable wreathed around the temples Argent the ribands Gules vested paly of six Sable and Argent. Escutcheon Argent on a cross sable a wreath of laurel fructed Argent a chief checky Sable and Argent.