Eruca

Eruca is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, western and Central Asia, and China.^[1] It includes the leaf vegetable known as arugula or rocket.

Eruca
Eruca vesicaria
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Brassicales
Family:	Brassicaceae
Genus:	Eruca Mill.
Species
See text
Synonyms[1]
Euzomum Link Velleruca Pomel

Description

Varieties can be either annual or biennial, growing to 20–100 cm tall. The leaves are deeply pinnately lobed with four to ten small lateral lobes and a large terminal lobe. The flowers are 2–4 cm diameter, arranged in a corymb, with the typical 4-petal, 4-sepal Brassicaceae flower structure; the petals are creamy white with purple veins, and the stamens yellow. The fruit is a siliqua (pod) 12–25 mm long with an apical beak, and containing several seeds.^[2][3][4]

Species

The number of species is disputed, with some authorities only accepting a single species, while others accept up to six species.^[5][6] Plants of the World Online accepts six species:^[1]

• Eruca aurea Batt.
• Eruca foleyi (Batt.) Lorite, Perfectti, J.M.Gómez, Gonz.-Megías & Abdelaziz
• Eruca longirostris Uechtr.
• Eruca pinnatifida (Desf.) Pomel (syn. E. sativa subsp. pinnatifida (Desf.) Batt.; E. vesicaria subsp. pinnatifida (Desf.) Emberger & Maire)
• Eruca sativa Mill. (syn. E. vesicaria subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell.)
• Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav.

When treated as a monospecific genus, all are included within E. vesicaria.^[7][8]