Erythronium dens-canis

Erythronium dens-canis, the dog's-tooth-violet^[2] or dogtooth violet, is a bulbous herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Liliaceae, growing to 25 cm (10 in). It is native to central and southern Europe from Portugal to Ukraine.^[3] It is the only naturally occurring species of Erythronium in Europe. Despite its common name, it is not closely related to the true violets of genus Viola.^[4]

Dog's tooth violet
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Liliales
Family:	Liliaceae
Subfamily:	Lilioideae
Tribe:	Lilieae
Genus:	Erythronium
Species:	E. dens-canis
Binomial name
Erythronium dens-canis L.
Synonyms[1]
Synonymy Erythronium bifidum Sweet Erythronium bulbosum St.-Lag. Erythronium caninum Dulac Erythronium latifolium Schur Erythronium longifolium Mill. Erythronium maculatum DC. Erythronium maculosum Lam. Erythronium niveum (Baumg.) Pînzaru Erythronium obtusiflorum Opiz Erythronium ovatifolium Poir. Erythronium vernale Salisb.

Description

Erythronium dens-canis produces a solitary white, pink or lilac flower at the beginning of spring. The petals (growing to approx. 3 cm) are reflexed at the top and yellow tinted at the base. The brown spotted leaves are ovate to lanceolate and grow in pairs. The white bulb is oblong and resembles a dog's tooth, hence the common name "dog's tooth violet" and the Latin specific epithet dens-canis, which translates as "dog's tooth".^[5][6]

Ecology

Erythronium dens-canis is found in damp, lightly shaded settings such as deciduous woodland.

Uses

Its leaves may be consumed raw in salad, or boiled as a leaf vegetable. The bulb is also the source of a starch used in making vermicelli.^[7]

Varieties formerly included^[1]

Numerous names have been coined at the varietal level for plants once considered to be included within Erythronium dens-canis. None of the European varieties is now recognized as meriting recognition but some of the Asian species are now regarded as distinct species.

• Erythronium dens-canis var. japonicum, now called Erythronium japonicum
• Erythronium dens-canis var. parviflorum, now called Erythronium sibiricum
• Erythronium dens-canis var. sibiricum, now called Erythronium sibiricum