Espadarana audax

Espadarana audax is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found on the Amazonian versant of Andes in northeast Peru (San Martín Region), eastern Ecuador (Napo Province), and southern Colombia (Cauca and Putumayo Departments).^[2][3]

Espadarana audax
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Centrolenidae
Genus:	Espadarana
Species:	E. audax
Binomial name
Espadarana audax (Lynch and Duellman, 1973)
Synonyms[2]
Centrolenella audax Lynch and Duellman, 1973 Centrolene audax (Lynch and Duellman, 1973) Centrolene fernandoi Duellman and Schulte, 1993 Espadarana fernandoi (Duellman and Schulte, 1993)

Taxonomy

The generic placement of what was originally described as Centrolenella audax in 1973 has long been uncertain, but in 2014 it was placed in the genus Espadarana. At the same time, Centrolene fernandoi was brought into synonymy with Espadarana audax.^[2]

Description

Adult males measure 22.5–26.4 mm (0.89–1.04 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is truncate or round in lateral view. The texture of dorsal skin is shagreen and includes spinules and white warts. The toes have some webbing.^[4]

Habitat and conservation

The species' natural habitats are moist montane forests at elevations of 1,300–1,900 m (4,300–6,200 ft) above sea level.^[1][3]

Threats to this species, assessed at the time when Centrolene fernandoi was still recognized as a separate species, include habitat loss (deforestation from agriculture and logging) and chytridiomycosis.^[1]