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Euphorinae

Subfamily of wasps From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Euphorinae
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The Euphorinae are a large subfamily of Braconidae parasitoid wasps. Some species have been used for biological pest control. They are sister group to the Meteorinae.

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There are over 1270 species of Euphorinae.[1]

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Description and distribution

Euphorines are small, usually dark colored wasps. They are non-cyclostomes. Euphorines are found worldwide.[2]

Biology

Euphorines are solitary or rarely gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoids. Unlike most other parasitoid wasps, Euphorinae have a broad host range and attack adult insects or nymphs of hemimetabolous insects.

Wasps of the tribe Dinocampini parasitize adult beetles.[3]

Taxonomy and phylogeny

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Shaw (1985) divided Euphorinae into three tribes, Cosmophorini and Meteorini with one genus each and Euphorini containing 33 genera. In 1997, Shaw proposed 9 tribes and 31 genera of Euphorinae.[2] By Yu et al. (2012), the list of representative tribes of Euphorinae had grown to 16: Centistini, Cosmophorini, Cryptoxilonini, Dinocampini, Euphorini, Helorimorphini, Mannokeraiini, Meteorini, Myiocephalini, Neoneurini, †Oncometeorini, Perilitini, Planitorini, Proclithrophorini, Syntretini, and Tainitermini.[4] Mannokeraiini was synonymised under Planitorini by van Achterberg et al. (2017).[5] Stigenberg et al. (2015) treated 52 genera in 14 extant tribes, elevating Pygostolini from a subtribe of Centistini, synonymizing Cryptoxilonini under Cormophorini, synonymizing Proclithrophorini under Townesilitini, and removing Tainitermini as not nested within Euphorinae.[6] Chen & van Achterberg (2019) included the additional tribe of Eadyini and removed Proclithrophorini from synonymy.[7] In 2021, Stigenberg & van Achterberg returned Proclithrophorini to synonymy under Townesilitini.[8] Bendixen & Shaw (2024) elevated the Meteorini again to subfamily status as Meteorinae rather than treat them as basal Euphorinae.[9]

The present Euphorinae thus contains 14 extant tribes: Centistini, Cosmophorini, Dinocampini, Eadyini, Ecnomiini, Euphorini, Helorimorphini, Myiocephalini, Neoneurini, Perilitini, Planitorini, Pygostolini, Syntretini, and Townesilitini.

Belokobylskij (2022) recognize two extinct tribes, Oncometeorini and Prosyntretini.[10]

Genera

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The following 56 extant genera and 6 extinct genera belong to the subfamily Euphorinae:

  • Stenope van Achterberg & Reshchikov, 2018[11]

Tribe Centistini Čapek, 1970

  • Allurus Förster, 1862[12]
  • Asiacentistes Belokobylskij, 1995[12]
  • Centistes Haliday, 1835[12]
  • Centistoides van Achterberg, 1992[12]
  • †Parasyrrhizus Brues, 1933[13]

Tribe Cosmophorini Čapek, 1958

  • Cosmophorus Ratzeburg, 1848[6]
  • Cryptoxilos Viereck, 1911[6]
  • Plynops Shaw, 1996[6]
  • Ropalophorus Curtis, 1837[6]
  • Sinuatophorus van Achterberg, 2000
  • Tuberidelus Chen & van Achterberg, 1997[6]

Tribe Dinocampini Shaw, 1985

  • Betelgeuse Shaw, 1988[6]
  • Centistina Enderlein, 1912[6]
  • Dinocampus Förster, 1862[6]
  • Ecclitura Kokujev, 1902[6]
  • Yanayacu Zhang & Chen, 2015[6][14]

Tribe Eadyini van Achterberg, 2000

  • Eadya Huddleston & Short, 1978[7]

Tribe Ecnomiini van Achterberg, 1985

  • Ecnomios Mason, 1979[6]
  • Korecnomios Park & van Achterberg, 1994[6]

Tribe Euphorini Shaw, 1985

Tribe Helorimorphini Schmiedeknecht, 1907

Tribe Myiocephalini Chen & van Achterberg, 1997

  • Myiocephalus Marshall, 1897[1]

Tribe Neoneurini Bengtsson, 1918

  • Elasmosoma Ruthe, 1858[13]
  • †Elasmosomites Brues, 1933[13]
  • Euneoneurus Tobias & Yuldashev, 1979[13]
  • Kollasmosoma van Achterberg & Argaman, 1993[13]
  • Neoneurus Haliday, 1838[13]
  • Parelasmosoma Tobias & Yuldashev, 1979[13]

†Tribe Oncometeorini Tobias, 1987

  • †Oncometeorus Tobias, 1987[10]

Tribe Perilitini Förster, 1862

  • †Meteorites Brues, 1939[10]
  • Microctonus Wesmael, 1835[6]
  • Notioperilitus Belokobylskij, 2018[15]
  • †Onychoura Brues, 1933[10]
  • Orionis Shaw, 1987[6]
  • Perilitus Nees, 1818[6]
  • Rilipertus Haeselbarth, 1996[6]
  • Spathicopis van Achterberg, 1977[6]
  • Stenothremma Shaw, 1984[6]

Tribe Planitorini van Achterberg, 1995

  • Mannokeraia van Achterberg, 1995[5]
  • Paramannokeraia van Achterberg & Quicke, 2017[5]
  • Planitorus van Achterberg, 1995[5]

†Tribe Prosyntretini Tobias, 1987

  • †Prosyntretus Tobias, 1987[10]

Tribe Pygostolini Belokobylskij, 2000

Tribe Syntretini Shaw, 1985

  • Bracteodes De Saeger, 1946[6]
  • Sculptosyntretus Belokobylskij, 1993[6]
  • Syntretellus De Saeger, 1946[6]
  • Syntretomorpha Papp, 1962[6]
  • Syntretoriana Parrott, 1953[6]
  • Syntretus Förster, 1862[6]

Tribe Townesilitini Shaw, 1985

  • Gretiella Stigenberg, 2021[8]
  • Heia Chen & van Achterberg, 1997[8]
  • Marshiella Shaw, 1985[8]
  • Proclithrophorus Tobias & Belokobylskij, 1981[8]
  • Streblocera Westwood, 1833[8]
  • Townesilitus Haeselbarth & Loan, 1983[8]
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References

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