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Executive Yuan
Executive body of the Republic of China From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Executive Yuan (Chinese: 行政院; pinyin: Xíngzhèng Yuàn) is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Under the amended constitution, the head of the Executive Yuan is the Premier who is positioned as the head of government and has the power to appoint members to serve in the cabinet, while the ROC President is the head of state under the semi-presidential system, who can appoint the Premier and nominate the members of the cabinet.[3] The Premier may be removed by a vote of no-confidence by a majority of the Legislative Yuan, after which the President may either remove the Premier or dissolve the Legislative Yuan and initiate a new election for legislators.[3]
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Organization and structure
The Executive Yuan is headed by the Premier (or President of the Executive Yuan) and includes its Vice Premier, fourteen cabinet ministers, various chairpersons of commissions, and five to nine ministers without portfolio. The Vice Premier, ministers, and chairpersons are appointed by the President of the Republic of China on the recommendation of the Premier.[4]
Its formation, as one of five branches ("Yuans") of the government, stemmed from the Three Principles of the People, the constitutional theory of Sun Yat-sen, but was adjusted constitutionally over the years to adapt to the situation in the ROC by changes in the laws and the Constitution of the Republic of China.
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Members
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Leaders
Ministries
Agencies
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Independent Organs
The heads of these independent institutions under the Executive Yuan Council would not be affected by any change of the Premier.
Other roles
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Organizations no longer under Executive Yuan
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Duencies may be dissolved or merged with other agencies. Based on Executive Yuan website, the following bodies are no longer agencies under the Executive Yuan:[5]
- Consumer Protection Commission, restructured as the Consumer Protection Committee on 1 January 2012
- Aviation Safety Council, became an independent agency on 20 May 2012, later renamed Taiwan Transportation Safety Board[6]
- National Disaster Prevention and Protection Commission: a task-force-grouped committee authorized by the law of Disaster Prevention and Protection.[7] It was restructured as an implementation unit on 1 February 2010, and renamed to Office of Disaster Management.[8]
- National Youth Commission, put under Ministry of Education as Youth Development Administration on 1 January 2013.
- Sports Affairs Council, put under Ministry of Education as Sports Administration on 1 January 2013.
- Coast Guard Administration, put under Ocean Affairs Council on 28 April 2018.
- Atomic Energy Council, restructured as the Nuclear Safety Commission on 27 September 2023.
Dissolved or ceased to function
- Government Information Office on 20 May 2012[4]
- Council for Economic Planning and Development on 21 January 2014
- Research, Development and Evaluation Commission on 21 January 2014
- Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission on 15 September 2017
Executive Yuan Council
The Executive Yuan Council, commonly referred to as "The Cabinet" (內閣), is the chief policymaking organ of the ROC government. It consists of the premier, who presides over its meetings, the vice premier, ministers without portfolio, the heads of the ministries, and the heads of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission and the Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission. The secretary-general and the deputy secretary-general of the Executive Yuan also attend, as well as heads of other Executive Yuan organizations by invitation, but they have no vote. Article 58 of the Constitution empowers the Executive Yuan Council to evaluate statutory and budgetary bills concerning martial law, amnesty, declarations of war, conclusion of peace or treaties, and other important affairs before submission to the Legislative Yuan.
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Relationship with the Legislative Yuan
The Executive Yuan Council must present the Legislators with an annual policy statement and an administrative report. The Legislative Committee may also summon members of the Executive Yuan Council for questioning.
Whenever there is disagreement between the Legislative Council and Executive Yuan Council, the Legislative Committee may pass a resolution asking the Executive Yuan Council to alter the policy proposal in question. The Executive Yuan may, in turn, ask the Legislators to reconsider. Afterwards, if the Legislative Council upholds the original resolution, the premier must abide by the resolution or resign. The Executive Yuan Council may also present an alternative budgetary bill if the one passed by the Legislative Committee is deemed difficult to execute.
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Executive Yuan Building
The Executive Yuan Building was built in 1940 as the new city hall for Taipei, on the site of Huashan Elementary School.[9] After Taiwan was handed over to the Republic of China in 1945, Taipei's city hall was relocated to the former campus of Jian Cheng Elementary School.[10] The old city hall building was turned over to house the provincial government for Taiwan. It became the Executive Yuan building in 1957.[11]
The Executive Yuan building has been open to the public since 2003.[12][13] It is accessible within walking distance east of Taipei Main Station or west of Shandao Temple Station of Taipei Metro.
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See also
- Department of State Affairs in the Three Departments and Six Ministries system
- Ming dynasty: Central Secretariat → Grand Secretariat
- Qing dynasty: Grand Secretariat → Grand Council → Cabinet
- Republic of China: State Council (1912–28); Politics of the Republic of China; Government of the Republic of China
- People's Republic of China: Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government (1949–54) → State Council of the People's Republic of China (1954–present); Ministries of the PRC
- Government-General of Taiwan (1895–1945)
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References
External links
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