Exeter Book Riddle 45

Exeter Book Riddle 45 (according to the numbering of the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records)^[1] is one of the Old English riddles found in the later tenth-century Exeter Book. Its solution is accepted to be 'dough'. However, the description evokes a penis becoming erect; as such, Riddle 45 is noted as one of a small group of Old English riddles that engage in sexual double entendre, and thus provides rare evidence for Anglo-Saxon attitudes to sexuality, and specifically for women taking the initiative in heterosexual sex.^[2]

Text and translation

As edited by Krapp and Dobbie, the riddle reads:^[3]

Ic on wincle gefrægn weaxan nathwæt, þindan ond þunian, þecene hebban; on þæt banlease bryd grapode, hygewlonc hondum, hrægle þeahte þrindende þing þeodnes dohtor.

I have heard of something that grows in a corner, swelling and standing up, lifting up its covering. Upon that boneless thing a proud-minded woman gripped with her hands; with her garment a lord's daughter covered the swollen thing.[4]

Editions

• Krapp, George Philip and Elliott Van Kirk Dobbie (eds), The Exeter Book, The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records, 3 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1936), p. 205, https://web.archive.org/web/20181206091232/http://ota.ox.ac.uk/desc/3009.
• Williamson, Craig (ed.), The Old English Riddles of the Exeter Book (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1977), pp. 96-97 [no. 43].
• Muir, Bernard J. (ed.), The Exeter Anthology of Old English Poetry: An Edition of Exeter Dean and Chapter MS 3501, 2nd edn, 2 vols (Exeter: Exeter University Press, 2000).
• Foys, Martin et al. (eds.) Old English Poetry in Facsimile Project, (Madison, WI: Center for the History of Print and Digital Culture, 2019-). Online edition annotated and linked to digital facsimile, with a modern translation.

Recordings

• Michael D. C. Drout, 'Riddle 45', performed from the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records edition (29 October 2007).