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Principality of Fürstenberg
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Fürstenberg was a county (German: Grafschaft), and later a principality (Fürstentum), of the Holy Roman Empire in Swabia, which was located in present-day southern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Its ruling family was the House of Fürstenberg.
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History
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The county emerged when Egino IV, Count of Urach by marriage, inherited large parts of the Duchy of Zähringen upon the death of Duke Berthold V in 1218, and it was originally called the county of Freiburg. Egino's grandson, Count Henry, started naming himself after his residence at Fürstenberg Castle around 1250.
The county was partitioned in 1284 between itself and the lower county of Villingen, and then again in 1408 between Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg and Fürstenberg-Wolfach.
Over the centuries, the various rulers expanded their territories to include the Landgraviate of Baar, the County of Heiligenberg, the Lordships of Gundelfingen, Hausen, Höwen, and Meßkirch, and the Landgraviate of Stühlingen in Germany, as well as domains around Křivoklát Castle (German: Pürglitz), Bohemia, Tavíkovice (German: Taikowitz) in Moravia and Weitra in Austria.
In 1664, Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg was raised to a principality and received a vote at the Reichstag. In 1744, various Fürstenberg territories were reunified to the Principality of Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg, as all lines except one had become extinct.
The Rheinbundakte of 1806 dissolved the state of Fürstenberg. Most of its territory was given to Baden, and smaller parts were given to Württemberg, Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, and Bavaria.
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Geography
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As of 1789, the territory consisted of five larger, isolated parts as well as several smaller exclaves. The five larger parts were:
- The Landgraviate of Baar and the Lordship of Höwen. Towns include Donaueschingen, Hüfingen, Engen, and Neustadt. Also includes Fürstenberg Castle. Bordered by Further Austria, Württemberg, the Abbacy of St. Blaise, and others. Given to Baden.
- The Lordship of Hausen. Towns: Hausach, Wolfach, Haslach. Bordered by: Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg, Württemberg, Further Austria, Hohengeroldseck, Imperial City of Zell, Imperial Valley of Harmersbach. Given to Baden.
- The Landgraviate of Stühlingen. Towns: Stühlingen. Bordered by: Abbacy of St. Blaise, Swiss Confederacy, Landgraviate of Klettgau. Given to Baden.
- The Lordship of Meßkirch. Towns: Meßkirch. Bordered by: Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Abbacy of Zwiefalten, Further Austria, Abbacy of Buchau, and others. Given to Baden and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.
- The County of Heiligenberg. Towns: Heiligenberg. Bordered by: Königsegg, Abbacy of Weingarten, Austria, Lake Constance, Prince-Bishopric of Constance, Abbacy of Salmannsweiler, Imperial City of Überlingen, Imperial City of Pfullendorf, and others. Given to Baden.
The smaller exclaves included the towns of Ennabeuren, Salmendingen, Neufra, Trochtelfingen, Hayingen, and others.
As of 1806, Fürstenberg had an area of 2,000 km2 and a population of 100,000. Its capital was Donaueschingen.
Rulers of Fürstenberg
(Note: The analysis given here will go further back to the origins of the Counts of Urach/Freiburg, from which the Fürstenbergs descended in direct line, and with which shared the coats of arms and still exchanged property in the 13th century. After the fall of the main Freiburg line in 1458, the Fürstenberg branch (separated in 1236) emerged as the main line of the dynasty.)
Partitions of Urach, Freiburg and Fürstenberg under Urach/Fürstenberg rule
County of Urach (1040-1218) |
Rule by the House of Zahringen (1098-1218) | |||||
Raised to: County of Freiburg (1218-1385) |
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County of Badenweiler (1st creation)[1] (1271-1320) |
County of Fürstenberg (1236-1614)[2] |
County of Haslach[3] (1284-1386) | ||||
Annexed to the House of Habsburg |
County of Badenweiler (2nd creation, Freiburg line)[4] (1385-1458) |
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County of Wolfach (1408-1490) | ||||||
County of Geisingen (1441-1483) | ||||||
Annexed to the House of Baden |
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County of Heiligenberg (1559-1664)[5] Raised to: Principality of Fürstenberg (1664-1716) | ||||||
County of Möhringen (1599-1641) | ||||||
County of Messkirch (1614-1716) Raised to: Principality of Messkirch (1716-1744) |
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County of Stühlingen (1614-1716) | ||||||
Principality of Fürstenberg[6] (1716-1804) (Stühlingen line)[7] | ||||||
County of Weitra[8] (1744-1806) | ||||||
Principality of Pürglitz (1762-1806) |
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(mediatisation in 1806 divided between Württemberg, Baden and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen) |
(mediatised to Austria in 1806) |
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Post-1806 lines of succession
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Mediatized line of Weitra
- Joachim Egon (Ruling until 1806; non-ruling 1806–1828)
- Frederick Egon (1828–1856)
- John Nepomuk Joachim Egon (1856–1879)
- Eduard Egon (1879–1932)
Weitra line extinct, possessions fell back to Prince Maximilian Egon II as head of the House of Fürstenberg.
Mediatized line of Taikowitz
- Friedrich Joseph Maximilian Augustus (1759-1814; Ruling until 1806, non-ruling 1806-1814)
- Joseph Friedrich Franz de Paula Vincenz (1777-1840; 1814-1840)
- Friedrich Michael Johann Joseph (1793-1866; 1840-1866), the last landgrave of this line and official guardian of Bertha von Suttner
Mediatized line of Pürglitz
- Karl Egon II, 5th Prince 1806-1854 (1796-1854)
- Karl Egon III, 6th Prince 1854-1892 (1820-1892)
- Karl Egon IV, 7th Prince 1892-1896 (1852-1896)
- Prince Maximilian Egon I of Furstenberg-Pürglitz (1822-1873)
- Maximilian Egon II, 8th Prince 1896-1941 (1863-1941)
- Karl Egon V, 9th Prince 1941-1973 (1891-1973), also Landgrave of Fürstenberg-Weitra
- Prince Maximilian Egon of Fürstenberg (1896-1959)
- Joachim Egon, 10th Prince 1973-2002 (1923-2002)
- Heinrich, 11th Prince 2002-2024 (1950-2024)
- Christian, Prince of Fürstenberg 12th Prince 2024–present (born 1977)
- Prince Antonius of Fürstenberg (born 1985)
- Prince Karl Egon of Fürstenberg (born 1953)
- Prince Johannes of Fürstenberg-Weitra (born 1958), adopted by Karl Egon V and inherited the Landgraviate of Fürstenberg-Weitra in 1973
- Prince Vincenz of Fürstenberg-Weitra (born 1985)
- Prince Ludwig of Fürstenberg-Weitra (born 1997)
- Prince Johann Christian of Fürstenberg-Weitra (born 1999)
- Heinrich, 11th Prince 2002-2024 (1950-2024)
- Prince Friedrich Maximilian of Fürstenberg (1926-1969)
- Prince Maximilian of Fürstenberg (born 1962)
- Prince Friedrich Götz of Fürstenberg (born 1995)
- Prince Maximilian of Fürstenberg (born 1962)
- Joachim Egon, 10th Prince 1973-2002 (1923-2002)
- Maximilian Egon II, 8th Prince 1896-1941 (1863-1941)
- Karl Egon III, 6th Prince 1854-1892 (1820-1892)
References
External links
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