Adrenal ferredoxin

Adrenal ferredoxin (also adrenodoxin (ADX), adrenodoxin, mitochondrial, hepatoredoxin, ferredoxin-1 (FDX1)) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FDX1 gene.^[5][6] In addition to the expressed gene at this chromosomal locus (11q22), there are pseudogenes located on chromosomes 20 and 21.

FDX1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3N9Y, 3N9Z, 3NA0, 3NA1, 3P1M
Identifiers
Aliases	FDX1, ADX, FDX, LOH11CR1D, ferredoxin 1
External IDs	OMIM: 103260; MGI: 103224; HomoloGene: 31216; GeneCards: FDX1; OMA:FDX1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 11 (human)[1] Band 11q22.3 Start 110,429,948 bp[1] End 110,464,884 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 9 (mouse)[2] Band 9|9 A5.3 Start 51,854,606 bp[2] End 51,874,856 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right adrenal cortex left adrenal gland left adrenal cortex seminal vesicula kidney tubule jejunal mucosa amniotic fluid right ventricle mucosa of sigmoid colon parotid gland Top expressed in adrenal gland Ileal epithelium left lobe of liver Gonadal ridge interventricular septum Paneth cell cardiac muscle tissue of left ventricle transitional epithelium of urinary bladder brown adipose tissue vastus lateralis muscle More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function iron ion binding electron transfer activity iron-sulfur cluster binding metal ion binding 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding Cellular component mitochondrion mitochondrial matrix Biological process C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process sterol metabolic process cholesterol metabolic process small molecule metabolic process hormone biosynthetic process lipid metabolism steroid biosynthetic process steroid metabolic process cellular response to cAMP cellular response to forskolin electron transport chain Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2230 14148 Ensembl ENSG00000137714 ENSMUSG00000032051 UniProt P10109 P46656 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_004109 NM_001301728 NM_007996 RefSeq (protein) NP_004100 NP_001288657 NP_032022 Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 110.43 – 110.46 Mb Chr 9: 51.85 – 51.87 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

Adrenodoxin is a small iron-sulfur protein that can accept and carry a single electron. Adrenodoxin functions as an electron transfer protein in the mitochondrial cytochrome P450 systems.^[7] The first enzyme in this system is adrenodoxin reductase that carries an FAD. FAD can be reduced by two electrons donated from coenzyme NADPH.^[8] These two electrons are transferred one a time to adrenodoxin. Adrenodoxin in return reduces mitochondrial cytochrome P450.^[7] This particular oxidation/reduction system is involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones in steroidogenic tissues. In addition, similar systems also function in vitamin D and bile acid synthesis in the kidney and liver respectively. Adrenodoxin has been identified in a number of different tissues but all forms have been shown to be identical and are not tissue specific.^[6]