Top Qs
Timeline
Chat
Perspective
Mill town
Settlement that developed around one or more mills or factories From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Remove ads
A mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is typically a settlement that developed around one or more mills or factories, often cotton mills or factories producing textiles.
Europe
Summarize
Perspective
Italy
- Crespi d'Adda, UNESCO World Heritage Site[1]
- Nuovo quartiere operaio in Schio
- Villaggio Leumann a Collegno[2]
- Villaggio Frua in Saronno[3]
- Villaggio operaio della Filatura in Tollegno[4]
Poland
Żyrardów
The town grew out of a textile factory founded in 1833 by the sons of Feliks Lubienski, who owned the land where it was built. They brought in a specialist from France and his newly designed machines. He was French inventor, Philippe de Girard from Lourmarin. He became a director of the firm.[5] The factory town developed during the 19th century into a significant textile mill town in Poland. In honour of Girard, 'Ruda Guzowska' as the original estate was called, was renamed Żyrardów, a toponym derived of the polonised spelling of Girard's name.
Most of Żyrardów's monuments are located in the manufacturing area which dates from the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is widely believed that Żyrardów's textile settlement is the only entire urban industrial complex from the 19th-century to be preserved in Europe.
Russian Empire
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the term "mill town" usually refers to the 19th-century textile manufacturing towns of northern England and the Scottish Lowlands, particularly those in Lancashire (cotton) and Yorkshire (wool).
Some former mill towns have a symbol of the textile industry in their town badge. Some towns may have statues dedicated to textile workers (e.g. Colne[6]) or have a symbol in the badge of local schools (e.g. Ossett School).
The list above includes some towns where textiles was not the predominant industry. For example, mining was a key industry in Wigan and Leigh in Greater Manchester, and in Ossett in Yorkshire.
In thousands of spindles.[7]
On his tour of northern England in 1849, Scottish publisher Angus Reach said:
In general, these towns wear a monotonous sameness of aspect, physical and moral ... In fact, the social condition of the different town populations is almost as much alike as the material appearance of the tall chimneys under which they live. Here and there the height of the latter may differ by a few rounds of brick, but in all essential respects, a description of one is a description of all.[8]
— Angus Reach, Morning Chronicle, 1849
The term mill town was revived in the British media during the debate over relations between whites and Asians in the aftermath of riots in several mill towns in the early 2000s, including the 2001 Oldham riots and 2001 Bradford riots.[9][10][11] The term conveniently groups together towns on both sides of the Pennines that suffer from sometimes significant racial tension. Some mill towns in northern England are known today as "mill and mosque towns"[12] because of the large number of British Pakistani Muslims who live there. After the Second World War, thousands of migrants from both the Caribbean and the Indian subcontinent settled in the mill towns to fill the labour shortage in the industry; they moved to traditional working-class areas whilst the white working-class moved out to the newly built estates after the war.[13]
Remove ads
North America
Summarize
Perspective
United States
New England and Northeast
Beginning with Samuel Slater and technological information smuggled out of England by Francis Cabot Lowell, large mills were established in New England in the early to mid-19th century. Mill towns, sometimes planned, built and owned as a company town, grew in the shadow of the industries. The region became a manufacturing powerhouse along rivers like the Housatonic, Quinebaug, Shetucket, Blackstone, Merrimack, Nashua, Cocheco, Saco, Androscoggin, Kennebec or Winooski.
In the 20th century, alternatives to water power were developed, and it became more profitable for companies to manufacture textiles in southern states where cotton was grown and winters did not require significant heating costs. Finally, the Great Depression acted as a catalyst that sent several struggling New England firms into bankruptcy.
Assawaga Mill, Dayville, CT, in 1909
American Thread Co. Mill, Willimantic, CT, c. 1910
Hollingsworth & Whitney Paper Mill, Waterville, ME, c. 1920
Cumberland Mills, Westbrook, ME, c. 1902
Mill Street, Attleboro, MA, in 1908
Arlington Mills, Lawrence, MA, in 1907
Merrimack Falls, Lawrence, MA, c. 1905
Amoskeag Mills, Manchester, NH, c. 1912
Jackson Mills, Nashua, NH, in 1907
Alice Mills, Woonsocket, RI, in 1911
Colchester Mills, Winooski, VT, in 1907
Midwest
South
Model Mill Settlement, Chadwick Mills, Charlotte, N.C. Published c. 1905–1915
White Oak Cotton Mills, Greensboro, N.C. c. 1914
Aerial view of Ware Shoals Mill
Sawmill towns
Remove ads
South America
Colombia
See also
Notes
- Sourced from a book entitled Cotton Mills of Greater Manchester, although not all of these towns are within Greater Manchester.
References
Wikiwand - on
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Remove ads