Fallfish

The fallfish (Semotilus corporalis) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish in the family Leuciscidae. The fallfish is the largest minnow species native to Eastern North America.

Fallfish
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cypriniformes
Family:	Leuciscidae
Subfamily:	Plagopterinae
Genus:	Semotilus
Species:	S. corporalis
Binomial name
Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill, 1817)
Synonyms
Cyprinus corporalis Mitchill, 1817 Cheilonemus corporalis (Mitchill, 1817) Cyprinus bullaris Rafinesque, 1817 Leuciscus pulchellus Storer, 1839 Leuciscus argenteus Storer, 1839 Leuciscus nitidus DeKay, 1842 Chilonemus cataractus Baird, 1851 Leucosomus rhotheus Cope, 1861 Squalius hyalope Cope, 1865

Description

Average specimens generally measure about 5 in (13 cm) in length, but individuals occasionally grow to 15 in (38 cm)^[2] with exceptional specimens of more than 19 in (48 cm) having been recorded.^[3] Juvenile fallfish have a dark stripe that runs down the center of their body. They are a silvery shade on the top and sides of the body, but have a white shading on the belly. Breeding males develop a pinkish tone on the opercular region, although the species does not develop bright breeding colors. Spawning males build stone nests, known as a redd, which form a prominent part of the bottom on many streams throughout the northeast. Spawning is communal with both males and females joining the nest builder.^[4]

Distribution and habitat

Fallfish are found in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada, where they inhabit clear streams, lakes, and ponds. They predominantly prefer swift currents, however, they can also be found in well oxygenated pools. As their name suggests they are often found at the base of waterfalls. Before the introduction of fish such as smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, and brown trout, the fallfish was the apex predator in many streams.^[5]

Diet and predation

Juvenile and young fallfish primarily consume chironomids and zooplankton. Once they reach 100mm their diet transitions to small fish (including their own young) and prey of opportunity such as fish eggs and terrestrial insects. There is little overlap between the diets of juvenile and adult fallfish.^[6]

Angling

Fallfish are often encountered when fishing for more desirable species, but their large size, dogged fighting style, powerful runs on light tackle, and willingness to strike make them a worthy quarry in their own right. They will readily take bait, lures, and flies, and have been known to strike lures almost as large as themselves.

The International Game Fish Association (IGFA) All Tackle World Record for fallfish is 3 pounds 9 ounces (1.6 kg), caught by Jonathan McNamara in the Susquehanna River near Owego, New York, USA on April 15, 2009. The record was tied on May 6, 2022, by angler Josh D. Dolin while fishing the Cowpasture River near Williamsville, Virginia.^[7] Previous records come from New Hampshire and Pennsylvania.^{[citation needed]}

Thoreau said of its eating qualities: "it tastes of brown paper, salted."

Fallfish

Annual report of the Commissioners of Fisheries, Game and Forests of the State of New York (1896)

Fallfish caught in Massachusetts