Fernie Formation

The Fernie Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Jurassic age. It is present in the western part of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in western Alberta and northeastern British Columbia.^[2][3][4] It takes its name from the town of Fernie, British Columbia, and was first defined by W.W. Leach in 1914.^[5]

Fernie Formation
Stratigraphic range: Jurassic ~200–145 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Fernie Formation shale exposed in a roadcut near Sparwood, British Columbia PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Type	Geological formation
Sub-units	Nordegg Member, Red Deer Member, Poker Chip Shale, Lille Member, Rock Creek Member, Highwood Member, Pigeon Creek Member, Ribbon Creek Member
Underlies	Morrissey Formation, Nikanassin Formation, Monteith Formation
Overlies	Schooler Creek Group, Montney Formation, Rundle Group
Thickness	up to 400 metres (1,310 ft)[1]
Lithology
Primary	Shale
Other	Sandstone, siltstone, limestone
Location
Coordinates	49.55°N 115.16°W / 49.55; -115.16 (Fernie Formation)
Region	Alberta  British Columbia
Country	Canada
Type section
Named for	Fernie, British Columbia
Named by	W.W. Leach
Year defined	1914
Fernie Formation (Canada) Show map of Canada Fernie Formation (British Columbia) Show map of British Columbia

Depositional history

The Fernie Formation consists of marine sediments that were deposited in the Sundance Sea. Deposition took place throughout most of the Jurassic period, starting during the Hettangian stage in some parts of northeastern British Columbia and continuing until the mid-Tithonian, as determined from its fossil assemblages, including ammonites, molluscs and microfossils.^[3][4]

The sediments were sourced from the east during the deposition of the lower and middle units of the Fernie, where the coarser facies occur in the eastern part of the formation. In the uppermost Fernie, the coarsest material is found in the west, however, indicating a shift to sources in the west and south.^[1][6]

Lithology

The Fernie Formation is composed primarily of brown and dark gray to black shales that range from massive with conchoidal fracture to laminated and highly fractured or papery. Phosphatic sandstone and limestone, including cherty limestone, occur locally in the lower parts of the formation; siltstone, sandstone, coquinas and oolitic limestone interbeds can occur in the center; glauconitic sandstone and siltstone can be present in the upper parts.^[1][6]

Distribution

The Fernie Formation reaches a maximum thickness of 400 metres (1,310 ft) near Mount Allan in Alberta, and typically is about 70 to 150m (230 to 492 ft) thick. It thins toward the east, disappearing at about the longitude of Calgary. The formation is exposed in outcrops in the Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia, in the foothills and front ranges of the Canadian Rockies in southwestern Alberta, and as far north as the Peace River Country in northeastern British Columbia.^[1][6]

Relationship to other units

The Fernie Formation is conformably overlain by the Morrissey Formation in the south, by the Nikanassin Formation in central Alberta and by the Monteith Formation in northeastern British Columbia. It rests disconformably on Triassic units in the west, and unconformably on upper Paleozoic units such as the Schooler Creek Group and the Montney Formation farther east.^[1][6]

Subdivisions

The Fernie Formation has the following subdivisions from top to base:

Sub-unit	Age	Lithology	Reference
Passage Beds	Oxfordian to Tithonian	dark grey splintery shale interbedded with siltstone	[7][3]
Ribbon Creek Member	Bathonian	silty shale	[8]
Green Beds	Oxfordian	glauconitic sandy mudstone, calcareous and phosphatic concretions	[9][4]
Grey Beds	Callovian	dark platy shale with ammonites and concretions	[4]
Gryphaea Bed	Bathonian	coquina with shells of Gryphaea impressimarginata, ammonites and belemnites; calcareous siltstone	[10]
Corbula munda Beds	Bathonian	silty shale, calcareous sandstone	[11]
Pigeon Creek Member	Callovian	calcareous siltstone and grey shale	[12]
Highwood Member	Bajocian	dark grey shale, bioturbated sandstone	[13]
Rock Creek Member	Bajocian	also called "Belemnite zone" - fine-grained grey sandstone that may contain commercial gas reserves	[14][4]
Lille Member	Bajocian	coquina with Gryphaea and Ostrea shells	[15]
Poker Chip Shale	Toarcian	fissile black calcareous shale, thin-bedded black argillaceous limestone	[16][4]
Red Deer Member	Pliensbachian	black shale, black laminated limestone	[17]
Oxytoma Bed	Sinemurian	coquina with Oxytoma shells	[18]
Nordegg Member	Sinemurian	dark cherty and phosphatic limestone, calcareous shale	[19][4]

See also

• List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Alberta
• List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in British Columbia
• Toarcian turnover
• Toarcian formations
  • Marne di Monte Serrone, Italy
  • Calcare di Sogno, Italy
  • Sachrang Formation, Austria
  • Posidonia Shale, Lagerstätte in Germany
  • Ciechocinek Formation, Germany and Poland
  • Krempachy Marl Formation, Poland and Slovakia
  • Lava Formation, Lithuania
  • Azilal Group, North Africa
  • Whitby Mudstone, England
  • Whiteaves Formation, British Columbia
  • Navajo Sandstone, Utah
  • Los Molles Formation, Argentina
  • Mawson Formation, Antarctica
  • Kandreho Formation, Madagascar
  • Kota Formation, India
  • Cattamarra Coal Measures, Australia