Ficus arnottiana

Ficus arnottiana, commonly known as the Indian rock fig, rock peepal or wavy-leaved fig tree,^[1] is a species of fig tree, native to the Indian subcontinent with a preference to rocky habitats. The species was named in honor of the Scottish botanist George Arnott Walker-Arnott.^[2]

Ficus arnottiana
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Moraceae
Genus:	Ficus
Species:	F. arnottiana
Binomial name
Ficus arnottiana (Miq.) Miq.
Synonyms
Ficus courtallensis (Miq.) Baill. Ficus populeaster Desf. Urostigma arnottianum Miq. Unresolved Urostigma courtallense Miq. Unresolved

Description

Ficus arnottiana is a medium to large deciduous tree that can grow up to 20 meters (66 feet) in height. The tree has a spreading canopy, and its bark is smooth and grayish-white. The leaves are large, ovate to heart-shaped, and have a distinctive glossy green surface with prominent veins. Unlike Ficus religiosa (a species that it is commonly mistaken for),^[1] its leaves have a more pointed and acuminate rather than a long tapering one.

The tree produces small, round figs that are initially green and turn reddish when ripe. These figs grow in pairs along the branches and serve as a crucial food source for birds, bats, and other wildlife. Like other Ficus species, F. arnottiana has a mutualistic relationship with fig wasps, which pollinate its flowers.

Habitat and distribution

This species is native to the Indian subcontinent and predominantly found in India, Sri Lanka, and parts of Southeast Asia. It grows in dry deciduous forests, on rocky slopes, and near riverbanks observed mostly in clay to a well drained soil with quite some water and lots of sun.^[2] It is well adapted to arid conditions and can often be seen growing on cliffs and large boulders.

Gallery

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  Ficus arnottiana seen growing in rock fissures
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  Ficus arnottiana can be see taking root on a rock
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  Ficus arnottiana with leaves ovate to heart-shaped, with a smooth, glossy green surface with slightly pointed apex.
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  Ficus arnottiana fruits growing in pairs along the branches
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  Riping fruits of Ficus arnottiana
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  Grayish-white and smooth bark on a Ficus arnottiana tree
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  Ficus arnottiana on a rocky surface , red leaved is young and green is an older specimen.