Fine art authentication

Fine art authentication is a process that ensures the integrity of artworks, preserves cultural heritage, and maintains trust in the art market. By combining traditional methods, scientific advancements,^[1][2] and emerging AI^[3] and Blockchain technologies,^[4] art authentication can offer accurate attributions and protect the artistic legacy for future generations.^[5] It consists of proving the authenticity of an artwork and its attribution to a specific artist.^[6] This process involves determining the origin, authorship, and historical significance of a piece of art.^[7] The proliferation of art forgeries and the increased skill of the forgers who are aware of what scientific analysis reveals requires a rigorous approach to fine art authentication.^[8][9]

History

The requirement for art authentication has been a historical practice, evolving over centuries alongside the growing recognition of artists and the increasing value associated with their creations. During the Renaissance,^[10] the authentication of artworks was primarily based on the artist's style, brushstrokes, and technical mastery. Nevertheless, distinguishing between the original and the copy often proved challenging.^[11] As art markets expanded globally and new artistic movements emerged, the authentication process became more intricate.^[12]

Documentation examination involves scrutinizing the authenticity and accuracy of supporting paperwork, including certificates of authenticity, exhibition, and gallery records, as well as correspondence.^[13]

Art authentication is a complex and multifaceted process, often accompanied by challenges and controversies. Some of the key issues include:^[11][14]

Thierry Lenain^[15] asserts that a forger's goal is to mislead the public into believing that the generated work of art is something else entirely. ^[16]