Francisco Ciutat de Miguel

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Ciutat and the second or maternal family name is de Miguel.

Francisco Ciutat de Miguel, known as Angelito (1909 – November 30, 1986),^[1] was a Spanish communist,^[2] lieutenant of infantry and commander.

Francisco Ciutat de Miguel
Born	1909 Kingdom of Spain
Died	November 30th, 1986 (aged 77)
Allegiance	Second Spanish Republic Soviet Union Republic of Cuba Algeria North Vietnam
Branch	Spanish Republican Army Red Army
Battles / wars	Spanish Civil War World War II Bay of Pigs Invasion Escambray Rebellion Sand War Vietnam War
Alma mater	Voroshilov Academy

Spanish Civil War

He fought in the Battle of Santander, during the Spanish Civil War, in the summer of 1937 as a Chief of Operations of the Army of the North.^[3]

Outside Spain

After the end of the Spanish Civil War, de Miguel fled to the Soviet Union,^[2] where he joined the Voroshilov Academy and married Sofía Kokuina.^[4] He later participated as a foreign military advisor to the Cuban Army during the Bay of Pigs Invasion.^[1] He also assisted the Algerian Army against Morocco during the Sand War and participated in the Vietnam War.^[5]

He later returned to Spain in 1977 after the death of Francisco Franco.^[5]

Aliases

He had many aliases:

• Masonic name: Algazel
• Russian name: Pavel Pablovich Stepanov
• Cuban alias: Ángel Martínez Riosola^[6]
• Short name: Paco
• Commonly referred to as Angelito

Bibliography

• Relatos y reflexiones de la Guerra de España 1936-1939 - Francisco Ciutat de Miguel. Forma Ediciones. Madrid 1978. (in Spanish)