G12/G13 alpha subunits

G₁₂/G₁₃ alpha subunits are alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins that link cell surface G protein-coupled receptors primarily to guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Rho small GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton.^[1] Together, these two proteins comprise one of the four classes of G protein alpha subunits.^[2] G protein alpha subunits bind to guanine nucleotides and function in a regulatory cycle, and are active when bound to GTP but inactive and associated with the G beta-gamma complex when bound to GDP.^[3][4] G₁₂/G₁₃ are not targets of pertussis toxin or cholera toxin, as are other classes of G protein alpha subunits.^[5]

guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) alpha 12
Identifiers
Symbol	GNA12
NCBI gene	2768
HGNC	4380
OMIM	604394
RefSeq	NM_007353
UniProt	Q03113
Other data
Locus	Chr. 7 p22.3
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guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein), alpha 13
Identifiers
Symbol	GNA13
NCBI gene	10672
HGNC	4381
OMIM	604406
RefSeq	NM_006572
UniProt	Q14344
Other data
Locus	Chr. 17 q24
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G proteins G₁₂ and G₁₃ regulate actin cytoskeletal remodeling in cells during movement and migration, including cancer cell metastasis.^[6] G₁₃ is also essential for receptor tyrosine kinase-induced migration of fibroblast and endothelial cells.^[7]

Genes

• GNA12 (GNA12)
• GNA13 GNA13

See also

• Second messenger system
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Heterotrimeric G protein
• Gs alpha subunit
• Gi alpha subunit
• Gq alpha subunit
• Rho family of GTPases