GNA12

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNA12 gene.^[5][6][7]

GNA12
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1ZCA
Identifiers
Aliases	GNA12, NNX3, RMP, gep, G protein subunit alpha 12, HG1M1
External IDs	OMIM: 604394; MGI: 95767; HomoloGene: 22398; GeneCards: GNA12; OMA:GNA12 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 7 (human)[1] Band 7p22.3-p22.2 Start 2,728,105 bp[1] End 2,844,308 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5 G2|5 79.3 cM Start 140,744,163 bp[2] End 140,816,186 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in secondary oocyte stromal cell of endometrium internal globus pallidus C1 segment amygdala nucleus accumbens putamen caudate nucleus substantia nigra right coronary artery Top expressed in right kidney myocardium of ventricle ventricular zone interventricular septum zygote stroma of bone marrow cardiac muscle tissue of left ventricle molar right ventricle proximal tubule More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function nucleotide binding GTP binding metal ion binding protein binding guanyl nucleotide binding G protein-coupled receptor binding D5 dopamine receptor binding signal transducer activity G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding GTPase activity Cellular component membrane focal adhesion heterotrimeric G-protein complex brush border membrane cytoplasm plasma membrane lateral plasma membrane Biological process cell differentiation intracellular signal transduction regulation of TOR signaling adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway small GTPase mediated signal transduction embryonic digit morphogenesis blood coagulation in utero embryonic development platelet activation regulation of cell shape regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process signal transduction G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway regulation of fibroblast migration Rho protein signal transduction Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2768 14673 Ensembl ENSG00000146535 ENSMUSG00000000149 UniProt Q03113 P27600 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001282440 NM_001282441 NM_001293092 NM_007353 NM_010302 RefSeq (protein) NP_001269369 NP_001269370 NP_001280021 NP_031379 NP_034432 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 2.73 – 2.84 Mb Chr 5: 140.74 – 140.82 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Interactions and functions

The GNA12 gene encodes the G₁₂ G protein alpha subunit. Together with GNA13, these two proteins comprise one of the four classes of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits.^[8] Heterotrimeric G proteins function in transducing hormone and neurotransmitter signals detected by cell surface G protein-coupled receptors to intracellular signaling pathways to modulate cell functions. G protein alpha subunits bind to guanine nucleotides and function in a regulatory cycle, and are active when bound to GTP but inactive and associated with the G beta-gamma complex when bound to GDP.^[9][10]

Active GTP-bound G₁₂ alpha subunit interacts with and activates ARHGEF1,^[11] ARHGEF11,^[12][13] and ARHGEF12.^[14][15] These ARHGEF proteins function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Rho small GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton.^[16]

GNA12 also interacts with PPP5C,^[17] HSP90,^[18] Resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase-8A (Ric-8A)^[19] and TEC.^[15]

See also

• G12/G13 alpha subunits
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Heterotrimeric G protein
• Rho family of GTPases