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GLASS-z12
Lyman-break galaxy that is one of the oldest galaxies known From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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GLASS-z12 (formerly known as GLASS-z13) is a Lyman-break galaxy discovered by the Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS) observing program using the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam in July 2022.[8][9] Spectroscopic observations of GLASS-z12 by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in August 2022 confirmed that the galaxy has a spectroscopic redshift of 12.117±0.012, making it one of the earliest and most distant galaxies ever discovered, dating back to just 350 million years after the Big Bang, 13.6 billion years ago.[10][5] ALMA observations detected an emission line associated with doubly ionized oxygen (O III) at 258.7 GHz with a significance of 5σ, suggesting that there is very low dust content in GLASS-z12, if not the early universe as well.[2] Also based on oxygen-related measurements, the age of the galaxy is confirmed.[11][12]
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GLASS-z12 derives its name from the GLASS survey that discovered it and its estimated photometric redshift of approximately z = 12.4+0.1
−0.3.[1] GLASS-z12 was initially announced as GLASS-z13 because it was thought to have a higher redshift of z = 13.1.[7][2] This redshift value was later revised down to z = 12.4 in October 2022, resulting in the renaming of this galaxy.[1]
GLASS-z12 has a light-travel distance (lookback time) of 13.6 billion years.[5] However, due to the expansion of the universe, its present proper distance is 33.2 billion light-years.[5] It was discovered alongside another galaxy, GLASS-z10, comparable to GN-z11, also one of the oldest galaxies discovered.[10]
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