Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference

The Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) is a peer-reviewed technical conference in the area of evolutionary computation, broadly interpreted. GECCO conferences have been held every year since 1999, when the first one was established as a recombination of the International Conference on Genetic Algorithms (ICGA) and the Annual Genetic Programming Conference (GP). Since 2005 it has been organised by the Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation.

Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference
Abbreviation	GECCO
Discipline	Evolutionary computation
Publication details
Publisher	ACM SIGEVO Association for Computing Machinery
History	1999-present
Website	sig.sigevo.org/GECCOs

History

The first Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO^[1]) was held in 1999 after two pre-existing conferences, the Annual Conference on Genetic Programming (GP, held since 1996^[2]), and the International Conference on Genetic Algorithms (ICGA, held biennially since 1985^[3]) merged.

At the same time a new organisation, the International Society for Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (ISGEC)^[4] was created to manage this broader conference. In 2005 the ISGEC became a special interest group of the Association for Computing Machinery, assuming its present name of the Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (ACM SIGEVO). The ACM SIGEVO^[5] has organised every GECCO conference from 2005 onwards. For more information about each conference since 1999 see the table below.

Year[6]	Location[7]	Website?[8]	Proceedings?[9][10][11]	Comments
1999	Orlando, Florida	Yes[12]	No	First conference organised by ISGEC[4]
2000	Las Vegas, Nevada	Yes[13]	No
2001	San Francisco, California	Yes[14]	No
2002	New York City, New York	Yes[15]	No
2003	Chicago, Illinois	Yes[16]	No
2004	Seattle, Washington	Yes[17]	No
2005	Washington, D.C.	Yes[18]	Yes[19]	First conference organised by ACM SIGEVO[20]
2006	Seattle, Washington	Yes[21]	Yes[22]
2007	London, England	Yes[23]	Yes[24][25]
2008	Atlanta, Georgia	Yes[26]	Yes[27][28]
2009	Montreal, Canada	Yes[29]	Yes[30][31]
2010	Portland, Oregon	Yes[32]	Yes[33][34]
2011	Dublin, Ireland	Yes[35]	Yes[36][37]
2012	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	Yes[38]	Yes[39][40]
2013	Amsterdam, The Netherlands	Yes[41]	Yes[42][43]
2014	Vancouver, Canada	Yes[44]	Yes[45][46]
2015	Madrid, Spain	Yes[47]	Yes[48][49]
2016	Denver, Colorado	No	Yes[50][51]
2017	Berlin, Germany	No	Yes[52][53]
2018	Kyoto, Japan	No	Yes[54][55]
2019	Prague, Czech Republic	Yes[56]	Yes[57][58]
2020	Online only[59]	Yes[60]	Yes[61][62]	Due to Covid-19 pandemic
2021	Online only[63]	Yes[64]	Yes[65][66]	Due to Covid-19 pandemic
2022	Boston, Massachusetts	Yes[67]	Yes[68][69]	Hybrid[70]
2023	Lisbon, Portugal	Yes[71]	Yes[72][73]	Hybrid
2024	Melbourne, Australia	Yes[74]	Yes[75][76]	Hybrid
2025	Malaga, Spain	Yes[77]	Yes[78][79]	Hybrid
2026	San Jose, Costa Rica			Forthcoming[80]

Format

Because of the breadth of topics covered, GECCO conferences are organised in multiple parallel tracks, in order to create time for presentation even after peer-review has reduced the number of papers from those initially submitted. The slogan "One Conference: Many Mini-Conferences" appears on the website^[17] of GECCO 2004 and those of many other GECCO conferences.

Tracks

The tracks may change over time following trends in research and application of evolutionary computation. The 2025 GECCO conference provides recent examples:^[81]

• BBSR - Benchmarking, Benchmarks, Software and Reproducibility
• CS - Complex Systems
• ECOM - Evolutionary Combinational Optimisation and Metaheuristics
• EML - Evolutionary Machine Learning
• EMO - Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimisation
• ENUM - Evolutionary Numerical Optimisation
• GA - Genetic Algorithms
• GECH - General Evolutionary Computation and Hybrids
• GP - Genetic Programming
• L4EC - Learning for Evolutionary Computation
• NE - Neuroevolution
• RWA - Real World Applications
• SI - Swarm Intelligence
• THEORY - Theory

Keynote speakers

Each GECCO conference invites speakers with a considerable record in the field of evolutionary computation or in other aspects of public engagement to give keynote presentations. For example, at GECCO 2024 they were^[82] Toby Walsh, Suzie Sheehy and Una-May O'Reilly.

Women+@GECCO

Since 2013 there has been a workshop held at each GECCO conference to support women in evolutionary computation. It includes an interactive poster session.^[83]

Workshops

The workshop slots of GECCO conferences allows time to be devoted to subjects that might not be addressed fully in the main conference. Workshop organisers identify how their slot will be used and often issue a call for papers, separate from the main call for papers for the conference. In addition there is a Student Workshop^[84] allowing students of evolutionary computation early in their careers to engage in the conference.

GECCO 2023 in Lisbon included 23 workshops, many of which were successors to ones held in earlier years.^[85]

Tutorials

Since evolutionary computation is very much about the implementation of novel solutions using software engineering techniques (with the exception of the theoretical aspect of the field) the tutorials section of a GECCO conference allows attendees to be introduced to areas of the field that they are not so familiar with. GECCO 2022 in Boston included 38 tutorials.^[86] Despite the mention of software engineering above some of these tutorials covered somewhat theoretical topics: A Gentle Introduction to Theory (for Non-Theoreticians)^[87] or Theory and Practice of Population Diversity in Evolutionary Computation.^[88]

Tutorials and Workshops have in recent years taken place prior to the main conference, see the program of GECCO 2025 for an example.^[89] Tutorial abstracts and workshop proceedings are published in the companion volume.^[79]

Late breaking papers/hot off the press

Time was introduced in the earlier GECCO conferences for late submissions that could not go through the full peer review process to be published in the main proceedings. These were referred to as Late Breaking Papers, and in more recent GECCO conferences have been referred to as Hot Off the Press (HOP). The outline of the GECCO 2021 program^[90] shows where HOP papers appear in that year. HOP papers are published in the companion volume.^[66]

Poster sessions

Time has been made available in GECCO conferences for presentation of posters focused on the topics of the tracks of the main conference.^[91] Poster abstracts are published in the companion volume.^[79]

Evolutionary computation in practise (ECiP)

The ECiP track focuses on application of evolutionary computation in industry, or on applied collaboration between academia and industry in the use of evolutionary computation. Speakers in this track present real-world examples.^[92]

Competitions

In addition to the Humies contest referred to on the ACM SIGEVO website^[93] and in the Awards section below, other competitions are organised for GECCO conferences to stimulate solutions using evolutionary computation and related algorithms. During the conference time is available for the competitions in parallel with workshops and tutorials.^[89] Abstracts of competition entries are published in the companion volume.^[79]

Awards

ACM SIGEVO sponsors awards presented at each GECCO conference:^[94]

• The SIGEVO Outstanding Contribution Award recognises outstanding contributions in the field of evolutionary computation over at least 15 years.^[95]
• THe GECCO Best Paper awards are awarded for each track of a GECCO conference.^[96]
• The SIGEVO Dissertation Award recognises thesis research within the scope of GECCO conferences carried out in the year prior to a conference.^[97]
• The SIGEVO Impact Award recognises papers that were published in a GECCO conference ten years earlier, that have been assessed to have had considerable impact on the field of evolutionary computation.^[98]
• The SIGEVO Chair Lecture is a lecture sponsored by ACM SIGEVO given by influential researchers in the field.^[99]
• The Humies Awards^[93] are presented at GECCO conferences for human-competitive results using any form of genetic or evolutionary computation published in the previous year. They are not sponsored by ACM SIGEVO but originated through a donation from the computer scientist John Koza.

Significance

GECCO conferences cover a very wide range of topics (see the Tracks described above).

The length of the proceedings^[78][100] and the length of the companion volumes^[79][101] suggest a high level of participation even after peer review is carried out.

The GECCO conferences have persisted over 27 years^[102] (see history above) and more are planned in the future.^[80] This suggests a major impact on the evolutionary computation community.

The IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (also referred to as IEEE CEC or CEC) may be a comparable conference. There are other conferences in the field of evolutionary computation that ought not to be ignored, including:

• Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN).
• EvoStar
• Foundations of Genetic Algorithms (FOGA).