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Geojedo
Island in Geoje, South Korea From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Geojedo (Korean: 거제도), or Geoje Island, is the principal island of Geoje, South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. It is joined to land by two bridges from nearby Tongyeong. Gohyeon is the largest town on the island.
Geojedo is the second largest island in South Korea, after Jeju Island, and covers an area of 383.44 square kilometres (148.05 sq mi). The landscape features several peaks: Gara (580 metres, 1,900 ft), Daegeum (437.5 metres, 1,435 ft) and Guksabong (400 metres, 1,300 ft). Geojedo is known for its rich deposits of granite. The southern belt of Geojedo, together with part of Namhaedo in Namhae County, belongs to Hallyeo Maritime National Park.[1]
Geojedo features several natural harbors. Shipbuilding is the largest industry on the island.[1] The second and third largest shipyards in South Korea are both located on the island, Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME) in the city of Okpo, and Samsung Heavy Industries (SHI) in the city of Gohyeon (Geoje City).
The Busan–Geoje Bridge was opened in December 2010 and provides a direct connection to the city of Busan.[2][1]
The population of Geojedo is 232,807 as of October 2024.
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Etymology
The name comes from Korean Geoje 'Great Crossing Island'; from 巨 'great, large' 濟 'crossing, ferry' and 島 'island'.
History
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During the Three Kingdoms period, Geojedo was one of the twelve states of Byeonhan (변한), then called Dokno (독로국; 瀆盧國). During the Silla period (신라시대), King Gyeongdeok in 757 A.D. began to use the name Geoje County (거제군) to refer to the island.[1]
In the Korea and Joseon dynasty period, after the area called Giseong (기성현) was divided from Geoje 거제현 in 1914, the Geoje area was mistakenly called Tongyeong (통영군).[1] During this period, the island was a strategic location between Japan and the Korean Peninsula, and therefore suffered invasion by the Japanese.
When the Japanese invaded Tongyeong in 1592, the Navy Headquarters of Three Provinces was established in Geoje which served as a command for many naval battles in the area. Among these were the Battle of Okpo in May 1592, the Battle of Geojedo (옥포해전) on July 28 of the same year, and the Gyeonnaeryang (견내량해전) also known as the Hansan Great victory (한산대첩). In the year 1597 the first and only naval defeat to the Japanese in Korean history took place at Chilcheon, Geoje (칠천량해전).
During the Korean War, UN Forces established the Geoje POW Camp in 1951 for captured North Koreans.[3] 31 prisoners died during conflicts there.[4]: 259–60 Koje Unscreened (1953), written by journalists Alan Winnington and Wilfred Burchett, focused on the poor conditions in the camp.[5][6]
In 1953, Geoje became an independent county, and in the early 1970s the shipbuilding industry began producing ships, which led to population growth. In 1995, Geoje finally had a large enough population to be classified as a city (시).[1]
It is now the hub for the shipbuilding industry, a major driving force in Korea's economic development.[1]
Geoje is home to two Presidents of South Korea: Kim Young-sam (1993–1998)[7] and Moon Jae-in (2017-2022).[8] [9]
It was the final port of call of the SS Meredith Victory at Christmastide 1950, when that ship evacuated some fourteen thousand North Korean civilians from Hungnam.[10]
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