George Whelan Anderson Jr.

George Whelan Anderson Jr. (December 15, 1906 – March 20, 1992) was an admiral in the United States Navy and a diplomat. Serving as the Chief of Naval Operations between 1961 and 1963, he was in charge of the US blockade of Cuba during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.

George W. Anderson
Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board
In office May 1, 1970 – March 11, 1976
President	Richard Nixon Gerald Ford
Preceded by	Maxwell D. Taylor
Succeeded by	Leo Cherne
United States Ambassador to Portugal
In office October 22, 1963 – June 1, 1966
President	John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson
Preceded by	Charles Elbrick
Succeeded by	Tapley Bennett
Chief of Naval Operations
In office August 1, 1961 – August 1, 1963
President	John F. Kennedy
Deputy	Claude V. Ricketts
Preceded by	Arleigh Burke
Succeeded by	David L. McDonald
Personal details
Born	(1906-12-15)December 15, 1906 New York City, U.S.
Died	March 20, 1992(1992-03-20) (aged 85) McLean, Virginia, U.S.
Education	United States Naval Academy (BSc)
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Branch/service	United States Navy
Years of service	1927–1963
Rank	Admiral
Commands	Chief of Naval Operations United States Sixth Fleet Carrier Division 6 Task Force 77 USS Franklin D. Roosevelt USS Mindoro
Battles/wars	World War II Cold War
Awards	Navy Distinguished Service Medal (2) Legion of Merit Bronze Star Medal

Early life and career

Born in Brooklyn, New York, on December 15, 1906, Anderson attended Brooklyn Preparatory School, entered the United States Naval Academy in 1923 and graduated with the class of 1927. Then, he became a naval aviator and served on cruisers and aircraft carriers, including the USS Cincinnati.

In World War II, Anderson served as the navigator on the fourth USS Yorktown. After the war, he served as the commanding officer of the escort carrier USS Mindoro and of the USS Franklin D. Roosevelt. He also served tours as an assistant to General Dwight Eisenhower at the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, special assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Arthur W. Radford, and as chief of staff to the Commander in Chief Pacific.

Flag assignments

As a flag officer, Anderson commanded Task Force 77 between Taiwan and Mainland China, Carrier Division 6, in the Mediterranean during the 1958 Lebanon landing and, as a vice admiral, commanded the United States Sixth Fleet.

As Chief of Naval Operations in charge of the US quarantine of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, Anderson distinguished himself in the Navy's conduct of those operations. Time magazine featured him on the cover^[1] and called him "an aggressive blue-water sailor of unfaltering competence and uncommon flair." He had, however, a contentious relationship with Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara. At one point during the crisis, Anderson ordered McNamara out of the Pentagon's Flag Plot when the Secretary inquired as to the Navy's intended procedures for stopping Soviet submarines;^{[2][dubious – discuss]} McNamara viewed those actions as mutinous and forced Anderson to retire in 1963. Anderson had a different recollection of the October 24th Flag Plot incident:

We knew where one of these particular [Soviet] submarines was located...We had a destroyer sitting on top of this submarine. One evening, McNamara, [Deputy Secretary of Defense Ross] Gilpatric, and an entourage of his press people came down to flag plot and, in the course of their interrogations, they asked why that destroyer was out of line [the picket line of quarantine]...After some discussion, I said to McNamara—he kept pressing me— ’’Come inside,” and I took him into a little inner sanctuary [because not everyone in the room was cleared for the classified submarine tracking information] and I explained the whole thing to him and to his satisfaction, as well. He left, and we walked down the corridor, and I said: “Well, Mr. Secretary, you go back to your office and I’ll go to mine and we’ll take care of things,”...which apparently was the wrong thing to say to somebody of McNamara’s personality...The story was leaked to the press through his own public information people that I had insulted him by making this remark over the incident in flag plot.^[3]

Anderson would later accuse McNamara of micromanagement:

I think when you have dominant people like McNamara playing, they throw the whole thing off balance...For example, I sent out a directive to make sure that there were qualified Russian-language officers on each ship involved in the quarantine—in case there had to be interrogations. As CNO, I didn’t go around and personally try to check every ship to find out if a Russian-language officer was on board. After all, I had a four-star, experienced CinC in Admiral Dennison, I had a good organization, and I had no thought of saying, “Well, did you carry out my order? Did each one arrive on each ship?” Dennison said he’d get them on there, and that was enough for me. But McNamara wanted me to get into every detail, he wanted me to interrogate each ship as to whether language officers were actually on board. This was an overpreoccupation with detail that I don’t think the civilian authorities should get involved with in a case of this sort.^[4]

Decades later, the role of Vasily Arkhipov became widely known, as the last person standing in the way of Admiral Anderson's procedures^[which?] unintentionally triggering nuclear war.

Later career

Anderson took early retirement, largely because of the ongoing conflict with Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara.^[5]

John F. Kennedy subsequently appointed Anderson Ambassador to Portugal, where he served for three years and encouraged plans for the peaceful transition of Portugal's African colonies to independence. He later returned to government service from 1973 to 1977 as member and later chairman of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board.

After his retirement from the navy, Anderson was chairman of Lamar Advertising Company, an outdoor advertising company, and he was a director on the boards of Value Line, National Airlines and Crown Seal and Cork.

Family and death

Anderson's first wife was Muriel Buttling (1911–1947). They had two sons and a daughter.^[6]

Anderson died on March 20, 1992, of congestive heart failure, at the age of 85, in McLean, Virginia. He was survived by his second wife of 44 years, the former Mary Lee Sample (née Anderson), the widow of William Sample; a daughter; a stepdaughter; four grandchildren; nine great-grandchildren; and three great-great-grandchildren. He was buried on March 23, 1992, in Section 1 of Arlington National Cemetery.

Cultural depictions

Anderson was portrayed by Kenneth Tobey in The Missiles of October and Madison Mason in Thirteen Days (film).

Awards

• Navy Distinguished Service Medal with gold star
• Legion of Merit
• Bronze Star Medal
• Navy Commendation Medal with "V" device
• Army Commendation Medal
• Presidential Unit Citation with bronze star
• American Defense Service Medal
• American Campaign Medal
• Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with two battle stars
• World War II Victory Medal
• Navy Occupation Medal
• China Service Medal
• National Defense Service Medal with star^[7]

1st Row	Navy Distinguished Service Medal w/1 award star						Legion of Merit
2nd row	Bronze Star Medal				Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal w/Combat "V" Valor device				Army Commendation Medal
3rd row	Presidential Medal of Freedom w/1 award star				American Defense Service Medal w/1 service star				American Campaign Medal
4th row	Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal w/2 service stars				World War II Victory Medal				Navy Occupation Service Medal
5th row	China Service Medal				National Defense Service Medal				Order of the British Empire
6th row	Order of Precious Tripod with Special Rosette				Unidentified				Grand Cross of Royal Order of Phoenix (Grand Cross)
7th row	Cross of the Knight Commanders, Royal Order George I				Military Order of Christ				Great Star of Military Merit of Chile
8th row	Order of Naval Merit (first class) of Venezuela				Order of Naval Merit, Grand Officer				Commander of the Legion of Honour
9th row	Maltese Cross; the Order of Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal				Grand Cross of Military Merit of Portugal				Great Cross of the Order of Merit of Italy