Glyconeogenesis

Glyconeogenesis is the synthesis of glycogen without using glucose or other carbohydrates, instead using substances like proteins and fats. This includes substrates like glycerol, lactate, glutamine and alanine.^[1] It's used in replenishing glycogen stores when glucose is limited,^[2] like after long periods of fasting.^[3] In the liver and kidneys, it uses the enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 and fructose-1,6-bisphophatase 1,^[1] and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 in skeletal muscle.^[2] One example is the conversion of lactic acid to glycogen in the liver.^[4] Lactic acid is converted to alanine, the alanine is transferred to the liver, and once in the liver is it converted back to alanine where it is free to be transformed into glucose.^[3]

See also

• gluconeogenesis