Gulf Air Flight 771

Gulf Air Flight 771 was an international scheduled passenger flight from Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, Pakistan, to Abu Dhabi International Airport, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. On 23 September 1983, while the Boeing 737-2P6^[1] was on approach, a bomb, planted by the Palestinian nationalist militant group, Abu Nidal Organization, exploded in the baggage compartment, resulting in a fire. The aircraft crashed in the desert near Jebel Ali between Abu Dhabi and Dubai. All 105 passengers and 7 crew members died. To date, it is the deadliest air disaster in the history of the United Arab Emirates, along with Sterling Airways Flight 296 which also killed 112 in 1972.^[2]

Gulf Air Flight 771

A4O-BK, the aircraft involved in the bombing
Bombing
Date	23 September 1983 (1983-09-23)
Summary	Terrorist bombing
Site	Jebel Ali (near Abu Dhabi International Airport), United Arab Emirates
Aircraft
Aircraft type	Boeing 737-2P6
Operator	Gulf Air
IATA flight No.	GF771
ICAO flight No.	GFA771
Call sign	GULF AIR 771
Registration	A4O-BK
Flight origin	Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, Pakistan
1st stopover	Abu Dhabi International Airport, United Arab Emirates
Last stopover	Doha, Qatar
Destination	Bahrain
Occupants	112
Passengers	105
Crew	7
Fatalities	112
Survivors	0

Background

Aircraft

The aircraft involved, manufactured by Boeing in 1979, was a Boeing 737-2P6 registered as A4O-BK with serial number 21734 and line number 566. It was equipped with two Pratt & Whitney JT8D-15 engines.^[2][3]

Crew and passengers

The flight's cockpit crew consisted of the following:^{[citation needed]}

• Omani Captain Saud al-Kindi
• Bahraini First Officer Khazal al-Qadi

The cabin crew were of mixed nationalities, ranging from Filipino, Indian, Pakistani, and American; the sole Bahraini member, Hashim Sayed Abdullah, acted as a deputy purser and worked in the economy class cabin.^[4] Two of the crew were from the United Kingdom; one of them, Sally Anne Townsend, was a native of Peterborough, serving as chief purser on the flight.^{[citation needed]}

There were 96 Pakistani nationals, many returning to jobs in Abu Dhabi and Bahrain after spending the Eid al Adha holiday with their families in Pakistan. There were also seven passengers from the United Kingdom, one from the United States, and one from Iran.^[5][6][7]

Nationality	Passengers	Crew	Total
Bahrain	0	2	2
India	0	1	1
Iran	1	0	1
Oman	0	1	1
Pakistan	96	1	97
Philippines	0	1	1
United Kingdom	7	0	7
United States	1	1	2
Total (8 Nationalities)	105	7	112

Bombing

On 23 September 1983, while on approach to Abu Dhabi, the aircraft experienced an explosive detonation in the baggage compartment.^[8] The aircraft did not break up mid-air, but a fire broke out immediately afterwards and the passengers are believed to have been killed instantly by asphyxiation.^[4] As a result, the aircraft crashed into the desert near Jebel Ali, about 45 kilometers northeast of Abu Dhabi. All 112 people on board, including 7 crew members and 105 passengers, were killed in the bombing.^[6]

Investigation

An investigation was launched by the American National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). They released a 400-page report on their findings, which was not immediately published in the Persian Gulf region. The report was revealed in September 1987 by British politician Sir Dudley Smith, under pressure from the parents of Lyn Farthing, one of the two British flight attendants who perished in the crash.^{[citation needed]}

The report included a description of the last moments in the cockpit, including a description of Omani Captain Saoud Al Kindy praying as the plane nose-dived into the desert.^[4] The report mentioned that everything on board the flight was perfectly normal and voice transcripts showed the crew chatting among themselves. One asked the other if he was on duty the next day, to which he replied "No, I've got a day off tomorrow". That was followed by a sudden interruption and the recording showed the pilots making a frantic attempt to control the plane.^[4]

The report indicated a bomb in the baggage hold as the primary cause of the accident, due to the following factors:^[4]

• A passenger who checked in baggage at Karachi but never boarded the plane.
• The nature of injuries to passengers who were seated above the baggage hold.
• A sudden interruption to an otherwise normally operating flight.
• Data obtained from the aircraft's flight data recorder.

Aftermath

The bomb was planted by the Abu Nidal Organization to convince Saudi Arabia to pay protection money to Nidal so as to avoid attacks on their soil.^[9][10]

See also

• Gulf Air Flight 072, which crashed into the sea on approach to Bahrain International Airport.