Guysborough County, Nova Scotia

For the community, see Guysborough, Nova Scotia (community). For the district municipality, see Municipality of the District of Guysborough.

Guysborough County is a historic county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The area was first inhabited by the indigenous Mi'kmaq, and was colonized by France in the 17th century. Following the defeat of France in North America, the area was settled by loyalists after the American Revolutionary War. The county was created when it was split from Sydney County in 1836. Guysborough County was divided into two administrative districts with separate councils and courts in 1879: Guysborough and St. Mary's. The town of Canso was incorporated in 1901, followed by Mulgrave in 1923. Canso was dissolved as a town in 2012.

Guysborough County
County
Location of Guysborough County, Nova Scotia
Coordinates: 45.3°N 61.8°W / 45.3; -61.8
Country	Canada
Province	Nova Scotia
District municipalities	Guysborough / St. Mary's
Towns	Mulgrave
Established	1836
Divided into District Municipalities	April 17, 1879
Named after	Sir Guy Carleton
Electoral Districts       Federal	Central Nova / Cape Breton—Canso
Provincial	Guysborough–Eastern Shore–Tracadie
Area [1]
• Land	4,037.16 km2 (1,558.76 sq mi)
Population [1][2]
• Total	7,373
• Density	1.8/km2 (5/sq mi)
• Change 2016–21	3.3%
• Census rankings  – District municipalities  Guysborough  St. Mary's  – Town  Mulgrave	4,681 (721 of 5,008) 2,587 (1,110 of 5,008) 879 (2,234 of 5,008)
	2021
Time zone	UTC-4 (AST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-3 (ADT)
Area code	902
Dwellings	5,377
Median income*	$34,894
Median household income, 2005 (all households)

While there has been no county administration since 1879, Guysborough County exists as a census subdivision. As of 2021, Guysborough County had a population of 7,373, down from a peak population of 18,320 in 1901. The largest communities are Canso, Mulgrave, Sherbrooke, and Guysborough.

History

The Mi'kmaq were the first inhabitants of the areas, having a seasonal settlement near Cook's Cove, and are known to have frequented other sites like Canso and the St Mary's River.^[3]The Mi'kmaq name for the region was Eskikewa'kik, meaning "skin dressing place".^[4] European fishermen and fur traders first visited the area in the 16th century, with the French establishing a colonial presence in the 17th century. The area came under the control of the British after Queen Anne's War, and most of the Acadian population left in the 1760s. From 1720 to 1759, the British establishment at Canso was a highly contested strategic location for the colonial wars against France.

Present day Guysborough County was first part of Halifax County, established 1759.^[5] Sydney County was divided from Halifax County in 1784, and comprised present day Antigonish and Guysborough Counties.^[6] That same year, the community of Guysborough was founded by Loyalists, named for Sir Guy Carleton. By the mid 19th century, Guysborough County was organized into multiple townships: Guysborough, Manchester, Wilmot, Stormont, and St Mary's.^[7]

Map of Antigonish and Guysborough Counties from 1878.

Guysborough County was created when Sydney County was divided in 1836.^[8] The new county took its name from the Township of Guysborough, which became the county seat. What remained of Sydney County was renamed to Antigonish County in 1863.

Guysborough County has had a large Black population since 1784.^[9] The Black Nova Scotian community in Guysborough is unique in that they descend almost entirely from Black Loyalists. In 1872, there were 918 residents of African ancestry in Guysborough.^[10]

In 1840, Guysborough County was subdivided into two districts for court sessional purposes – Guysborough and St. Mary's. In 1863, the boundary between Halifax County and Guysborough County was altered and a polling district was added to Guysborough County. In 1879, the two districts were incorporated as district municipalities. In 1901, Canso was incorporated as a town with its own municipal government, Mulgrave followed suit in 1923. Canso was dissolved as a town in 2012 and merged into the Municipality of the District of Guysborough.

The last racially segregated school in Canada closed in 1983 in Guysborough County.^[11]

Demographics

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Guysborough County had a population of 7,373 living in 3,559 of its 4,897 total private dwellings, a change of -3.3% from its 2016 population of 7,625. With a land area of 4,037.16 km² (1,558.76 sq mi), it had a population density of 1.8/km² (4.7/sq mi) in 2021.^[12]

Population trend[13][14] Census Population Change (%) 2021 7,373 3.3% 2016 7,625 6.4% 2011 8,143 10.1% 2006 9,058 7.8% 2001 9,827 10.0% 1996 10,917 6.9% 1991 11,724 8.5% 1986 12,721 0.2% 1981 12,752 N/A 1941 15,461 1931 15,443 1921 15,518 1911 17,048 1901 18,320 1891 17,195 1881 17,808 1871 16,555 N/A

Mother tongue language (2011)[15] Language Population Pct (%) English only 7,755 96.52% French only 160 1.99% Non-official languages 100 1.24% Multiple responses 25 0.31%

Ethnic Groups (2006)[16] Ethnic Origin Population Pct (%) Canadian 4,520 50.5% Scottish 2,760 30.8% English 2,620 29.3% Irish 2,240 25.0% French 1,795 20.1% German 1,050 11.7% Dutch (Netherlands) 270 3.0%

Communities

Main article: List of communities in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia

Towns

• Mulgrave

District municipalities

• Municipality of the District of Guysborough
• Municipality of the District of St. Mary's

Access Routes

Highways and numbered routes that run through the county, including external routes that start or finish at the county limits:^[17]

Highways None

Trunk Routes Trunk 4 Trunk 7 Trunk 16

Collector Routes: Route 211 Route 276 Route 316 Route 344 Route 347 Route 348 Route 374

External Routes: None

See also

• Canada portal
• Nova Scotia portal

• List of communities in Nova Scotia
• Black Lake listings within Nova Scotia.