Gyalectales

Gyalectales is an order of lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 5 families, 18 genera and about 550 species.

Gyalectales
Apothecia of Gyalecta jenensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Lecanoromycetes
Subclass:	Ostropomycetidae
Order:	Gyalectales Henssen ex D.Hawksw. & O.E.Erikss. (1986)
Families
Coenogoniaceae Gyalectaceae Phlyctidaceae Porinaceae Sagiolechiaceae

Taxonomy

The Gyalectales were introduced in a 1974 publication by Aino Henssen and Martin Jahns,^[1] but not formally published until 1986 by David Hawksworth and Ove Eriksson.^[2]

Phylogeny

An early (2002) phylogenetics study showed that the order Ostropales, as was then circumscribed, was paraphyletic, and proposed that the Ostropales sensu lato included the Gyalectales and Trapeliaceae.^[3] Although they had traditionally been considered to be only distantly related, molecular studies suggested a much closer phylogenetic relationship.^[4][5] As a result, of the molecular data, Kauff and Lutzoni subsumed the Gyalectales into the Ostropales, as the latter name was published earlier (1932 vs. 1986).^[3]

In 2018, Kraichak and colleagues used a recently developed "temporal phylogenetic" approach to identify temporal bands for specific taxonomic ranks. Based on this approach, clades that share a common ancestor between 176 and 194 Mya and a time window of 111–135 Mya correspond to order-level and family-level, respectively. The Gyalectales clade, consisting of the families Trichotheliaceae, Coenogoniaceae, Sagiolechiaceae, Gyalectaceae and Phlyctidaceae, has a crown node that falls within the temporal band for orders. For this reason the name Gyalectales was resurrected to represent the monophyletic clade.^[6] Gyalectales itself is placed in Ostropomycetidae, one of two major subclasses in the Lecanoromycetes.

This proposed classification has been accepted in a later review of the temporal banding method for fungus systematics,^[7] as well a 2022 update on fungal classification.^[8]

Families and genera

This is a list of the families and genera contained within the Gyalectales, based on a 2022 review and summary of fungal classification.^[8] Following the taxon name is the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and (for genera) the number of species:

Pseudosagedia aenea

• Coenogoniaceae Stizenb. (1862)

Coenogonium Ehrenb. (1820)^[9] – ca. 91 spp.

• Gyalectaceae Stizenb. (1862)

Cryptolechia A.Massal. (1853) – 11 spp.

Francisrosea Ertz & Sanderson (2021)^[10] – 1 sp.

Gyalecta Ach. (1808)^[11] – 50 spp.

Neopetractis Ertz (2021)^[10] – 2 spp.

Ramonia Stizenb. (1862) – 24 spp.

Semigyalecta Vain. (1921)^[12] – 1 sp.

• Phlyctidaceae Poelt ex J.C.David & D.Hawksw. (1991)^[13]

Phlyctis (Wallr.) Flot. (1850)^[14] – 20 spp.

Psathyrophlyctis Brusse (1987)^[15] – 1 sp.

• Sagiolechiaceae Baloch, Lücking, Lumbsch & Wedin (2010)^[16]

Rhexophiale Th.Fr. (1860) – 1 sp.

Sagiolechia A.Massal. (1854)^[17] – 3 spp.

• Porinaceae Rchb. (1828)^[18]

Clathroporina Müll.Arg (1882) – ca. 25 spp.

Flabelloporina Sobreira, M.Cáceres & Lücking (2018)^[19] – 1 sp.

Myeloconis P.M.McCarthy & Elix (1996)^[20] – 4 spp.

Porina Ach. (1809) – ca. 145 spp.

Pseudosagedia (Müll.Arg.) Choisy (1949)^[21] – 80 spp.

Saxiloba Lücking, Moncada & Viñas (2020)^[22] – 2 spp.

Segestria Fr. (1825) – 70 spp.

Trichothelium Müll.Arg. (1885)^[23] – 40 spp.