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Human coronavirus 229E
Species of virus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E, Alphacoronavirus chicagoense)[1] is a species of coronavirus which infects humans and bats.[2] It is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus which enters its host cell by binding to the APN receptor.[3] Along with Human coronavirus OC43 (a member of the Betacoronavirus genus), it is one of the viruses responsible for the common cold.[4][5] HCoV-229E is a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus and subgenus Duvinacovirus.[6][7]
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Transmission
HCoV-229E transmits via droplet-respiration and fomites.
Signs and symptoms
HCoV-229E is associated with a range of respiratory symptoms, ranging from the common cold to high-morbidity outcomes such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis. However, such high morbidity outcomes are almost always seen in cases with co-infection with other respiratory pathogens; there is a single published case report to date of a 229E infection that caused acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in an otherwise healthy patient having no detectable co-infection with another pathogen.[8] HCoV-229E is also among the coronaviruses most frequently codetected with other respiratory viruses, particularly with human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV).[9][10][11]
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Epidemiology
HCoV-229E is one of the seven human coronaviruses which include HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2 and are globally distributed.[12][13] However, the viruses were detected in different parts of the world at different times of the year.[14][15][16] A NCBI-study found a previous HCoV-229E infection in 42.9% – 50.0% of children of 6–12 months of age and in 65% of those 2.5–3.5 years of age.[17]
Virology
HCoV-229E is one of seven known coronaviruses to infect humans. The other six are:[18]
Research
 | This section is missing information about alpaca virus relative, also derived from bat. (October 2021) |
Chloroquine, a zinc ionophore, inhibits the replication of Human coronavirus 229E in cell culture.[19]
Human HCoV-229E, and human HCoV-NL63, likely originated from bats.[20]
History
A researcher at the University of Chicago, Dorothy Hamre, first identified 229E in 1965.[21][22]
In 2021 the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) approved a new system of naming viruses, by using binomial names.[23] In 2024, the species that HCoV-229E is assigned to was renamed Alphacoronavirus chicagoense.[24]
See also
References
External links
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