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Ha (Javanese)
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ꦲ (ha), is a syllable in the Javanese script which represents the sound /hɔ/ or /ha/. The letter can also represent a null consonant, in which it would be pronounced as /ɔ/ or /a/. It is commonly transliterated to Latin as "ha" or "a" and sometimes as "ho" and "o".
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Pasangan
The letter's pasangan (◌꧀ꦲ) is one of six which are located on the right hand side of previous syllable, making it possible to stack two pasangans without the use of pangkon.
Extended form
ꦲ doesn't have a murda form.
Final consonant
ꦲ has a syllable-final form called wignyan (ꦃ) which replaces ha-pangkon combination. For example: "gajah" (elephant) is written as ꦒꦗꦃ, not ꦒꦗꦲ꧀
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Orthography
Summarize
Perspective
There are several rules regarding the writing of ꦲ, whether pronounced as "ha" or "a".
- ꦲ in front of a word is always transliterated as "a", except for foreign loan words. The same rule applies when sandhangan swara (vowel diacritics) is used.
- Read as "a": ꦲꦏꦸ - aku (me), ꦲꦺꦴꦫ - ora (not), ꦲꦶꦭꦁ - ilang (lost)
- Read as "ha": ꦲꦗꦶ - haji (hajj), ꦲꦺꦴꦠꦺꦭ꧀ - hotèl, ꦲꦶꦏ꧀ꦩꦠ꧀ - hikmat (wisdom)
- (Whether a word is considered a native Javanese or not will depend on the dictionary definition.)
- ꦲ in the middle of a word is almost always transliterated as "ha".
- ꦠꦲꦸ - tahu (tofu), not tau
- ꦫꦲꦪꦸ - ra-hayu (blessed), not rah-ayu (from root word ꦲꦪꦸ ayu (beauty))
- With the exception
- Certain words such as ꦩꦲꦺꦴꦱ꧀ - maos (reading) or ꦏꦺꦴꦱ꧀ - kaos (shirt)
- Words that end with "a" and has suffix -a, such as ꦲꦤꦲ - ana-a (let there be)
- Reduplicated word, where ꦲ in the beginning of the second word always transliterated as "a"
- In root word that ends with /h/ sound (in this sense, using wignyan) and has suffix (-i, -an, etc.), ꦲ (as in "ha") is added before the suffix.
- ꦥꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦃꦲꦤ꧀ - panembah-han (to address a royalty), from the root word ꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦃ - nembah (to bow, to respect)
- Root words that end with a vowel sound and have suffix -ake, its suffix is written as ꦏ꧀ꦲꦏꦺ
- ꦏꦠꦩ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦲꦏꦺ - katamtokaké (have been chosen), not katamtokhaké, from the root word ꦠꦩ꧀ꦠꦸ - tamtu - (certain)
- ꦲ are added in front of root words with prefix ng-, ny-, m-, and n-, although this is not mandatory.
- ꦲꦔꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦏ - ngandika (said), not hangandika nor angandika
- Root words that start with ꦲ with added prefix pi- or pri-, the syllable ꦲ become ꦪ (ya)
- ꦥꦶꦪꦒꦼꦩ꧀ - piyagem, from root word ꦲꦒꦼꦩ꧀ - agem.
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Unicode block
Javanese script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.
| Javanese[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+A98x | ꦀ | ꦁ | ꦂ | ꦃ | ꦄ | ꦅ | ꦆ | ꦇ | ꦈ | ꦉ | ꦊ | ꦋ | ꦌ | ꦍ | ꦎ | ꦏ |
| U+A99x | ꦐ | ꦑ | ꦒ | ꦓ | ꦔ | ꦕ | ꦖ | ꦗ | ꦘ | ꦙ | ꦚ | ꦛ | ꦜ | ꦝ | ꦞ | ꦟ |
| U+A9Ax | ꦠ | ꦡ | ꦢ | ꦣ | ꦤ | ꦥ | ꦦ | ꦧ | ꦨ | ꦩ | ꦪ | ꦫ | ꦬ | ꦭ | ꦮ | ꦯ |
| U+A9Bx | ꦰ | ꦱ | ꦲ | ꦳ | ꦴ | ꦵ | ꦶ | ꦷ | ꦸ | ꦹ | ꦺ | ꦻ | ꦼ | ꦽ | ꦾ | ꦿ |
| U+A9Cx | ꧀ | ꧁ | ꧂ | ꧃ | ꧄ | ꧅ | ꧆ | ꧇ | ꧈ | ꧉ | ꧊ | ꧋ | ꧌ | ꧍ | ꧏ | |
| U+A9Dx | ꧐ | ꧑ | ꧒ | ꧓ | ꧔ | ꧕ | ꧖ | ꧗ | ꧘ | ꧙ | ꧞ | ꧟ | ||||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||
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References
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