Hailu dialect
Hakka dialect of Guangdong, China From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Hailu dialect (simplified Chinese: 海陆腔; traditional Chinese: 海陸腔; pinyin: Hǎilù qiāng; Hailu Hakka Romanization System: hoi´ liug` kiong`), also known as the Hoiluk dialect or Hailu Hakka (simplified Chinese: 海陆客语; traditional Chinese: 海陸客語; pinyin: Hǎilù Kèyǔ), is a dialect of Hakka Chinese that originated in Shanwei, Guangdong.[1] It is also the second most common dialect of Hakka spoken in Taiwan.[2][1]
| Hailu dialect | |
|---|---|
| Hoiliuk dialect | |
| 海陆腔 / 海陸腔 海陆客语 / 海陸客語 | |
| Native to | China, Taiwan and Indonesia |
| Region | Shanwei, Guangdong; Hsinchu County, Hsinchu City, Taoyuan, Hualien County, and Miaoli County, Taiwan; West Kalimantan, Indonesia |
| Chinese characters Pha̍k-fa-sṳ | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Taiwan |
| Regulated by | Hakka Affairs Council |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
hak-hai Hailu | |
| Glottolog | hail1247 Hailu |
Classification
The first edition of the Language Atlas of China places the Hakka dialects spoken in Haifeng and Lufeng[3] into the Xin–Hui cluster (新惠小片; Xīn-Huì xiǎopiàn) of the Yue–Tai subgroup (粤台片; 粵臺片; Yuè-Tái piàn) of Hakka.[4] In the second edition, it is given its own subgroup known as the Hai–Lu subgroup (海陆片; 海陸片; Hǎi-Lù piàn) separate from the Yue–Tai subgroup.[5]
Chang Song-hing and Zhuang Chusheng propose that it should be grouped as the Hai–Lu cluster (海陆小片; 海陸小片; Hǎi-Lù xiǎopiàn) of the Mei–Shao subgroup (梅韶片; Méi-Sháo piàn).[6]
Distribution
In China, the Hailu dialect is spoken in Shanwei, Guangdong, particularly in Haifeng, Lufeng, and Luhe.[1][5] As of 2012, there are around 1.18 million speakers of the dialect in these three areas.[7]
In Taiwan, it is spoken in Hsinchu County (Xinfeng, Xinpu, Hukou, Qionglin, Hengshan, Guanxi, Beipu, Baoshan, Emei, and Zhudong), Hsinchu City (Xiangshan and Xinfeng), Taoyuan (mostly in Guanyin, Xinwu, and Yangmei; also pockets in Pingzhen, Zhongli, and Longtan), Hualien County (Ji'an, Shoufeng, Guangfu, Yuli, Ruisui, and Fenglin), and Miaoli County (Toufen, Sanwan, Nanzhuang, Xihu, Houlong, Zaoqiao, Tongxiao, and Tongluo).[8][9] In 2013, 41.5% of Hakka people in Taiwan were reported to be able to communicate in the Hailu dialect.[2]
In Indonesia, a local variety of Hakka, that is loosely based on the Hailu dialect, is widely spoken in northern West Kalimantan, including Singkawang, Sambas, and Pemangkat.[10]
Phonology
Tones
The Hailu dialect has seven lexical tones:[11][12]
| Tone name | dark level (阴平 / 陰平) |
light level (阳平 / 陽平) |
rising (上声 / 上聲) |
dark departing (阴去 / 陰去) |
light departing (阳去 / 陽去) |
dark entering (阴入 / 陰入) |
light entering (阳入 / 陽入) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Example | 夫 | 扶 | 府 | 富 | 护 / 護 | 福 | 服 | |
| Tone letter | Hetian, Luhe | ˥˧ (53) | ˥ (55) | ˨˩˧ (213) | ˧˩ (31) | ˨ (22) | ˧˦ (34) | ˥˦ (54) |
| Hsinchu | ˥˧ (53) | ˥ (55) | ˨˦ (24) | ˩ (11) | ˧ (33) | ˥ (5) | ˨ (2) | |
Notes
References
Wikiwand - on
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.