Haman Formation

The Haman Formation (Korean: 함안층; Hanja: 咸安層; RR: Ham-an-cheung) is an Early Cretaceous geological formation in South Korea. It has been dated to the Albian, with an estimated maximum depositional age of 105.4 ± 0.4 Ma.^[1] The deposit is known for its tracks, including those of dinosaurs,^[2][3] pterosaurs and birds.^[4][5][6] It overlies the Silla Conglomerate which overlies the Chilgok Formation. It is laterally equivalent to the Sagog Formation.^[7]

Haman Formation
Stratigraphic range: Albian ~105.4 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Hayang Group
Underlies	Jindong & Banyawol Formations
Overlies	Silla Conglomerate, Hagbong volcanics
Lithology
Primary	Sandstone
Other	Siltstone, shale
Location
Coordinates	35.8°N 128.8°E / 35.8; 128.8
Approximate paleocoordinates	44.4°N 125.2°E / 44.4; 125.2
Region	Gyeongsangnam-do
Country	South Korea
Extent	Gyeongsang Basin
Haman Formation (South Korea)

Vertebrate paleofauna

Fossil pterosaur, theropod, sauropod and ornithopod tracks have been recovered from this formation. Some scratch marks made by theropod tracemakers show signs of avian-like courtship display behavior.^[8] Dinosaur skin impressions have also been found in this formation.^[9][10]

Ichnofossils

Ichnofossils of the Haman Formation
Ichnogenus	Ichnospecies	Region[11]	Member	Material	Notes	Image
Pteraichnus[4][12]	P. isp.	Namhae			Pterosaur track, showing swimming traces.[11] Haman specimens housed at Korea National University of Education, Cheongwongun, South Korea.[12]
Dromaeosauripus	D. hamanensis[3]	Namhae			Dromaeosaur track, belonging to a 70 cm (28 in) tall individual.
Neosauroides[13]	N. koreanensis				Lizard trackway
Koreanaornis	K. hamanensis	Haman and Jinju			Bird track; the first vertebrate ichnotaxon reported from South Korea.[14]
Caririchnium	C. isp.				Juvenile ornithopod tracks, belonging to either derived iguanodonts or basal hadrosauroids. The trackmakers' hip heights are estimated between 76.4 and 102.1 cm (30.1 and 40.2 in).[15]
Minisauripus	M. cf. zhenshuonani or M. cf. chuanzhuensis[16]	Namhae			One of the smallest known theropod tracks.
Ignotornis	I. yangi[4] I. gajinensis[5]	Namhae (I. yangi) and Jinju (I. gajinensis)			The oldest known web-footed bird tracks. I. gajinensis shows feeding traces.[11]
Brontopodus[2]	B. birdi	Namhae			Sauropod tracks[11]
Gyeongsangsauropus[17]	G. pentadactylus	Jinju			Sauropod tracks,[11] previously assigned to the ichnogenus Brontopodus
Batrachopus	B. cf. grandis	Namhae			B. grandis is the archosaur track made by either a bipedal crocodylomorph or therizinosaur.[18] Specimen from Haman Formation was originally assigned to pterosaur trackway ichnotaxon Haenamichnus gainensis.[19]
Grallator[20]		Sacheon			Theropod track

See also

• Cretaceous Asia
• List of fossil sites
• Geoncheonri Formation
• Gugyedong Formation
• Hasandong Formation
• Jinju Formation