Hamengkubuwono II

Hamengkubuwono II (also spelled Hamengkubuwana II, 7 March 1750 – 3 January 1828), born Raden Mas Sundoro,^[1] was the second sultan of Yogyakarta 1792–1810,^[2] 1811–12^[3] and finally 1826–28 during the Java War.

Hamengkubuwono II
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono II, Sultan Sepuh
Sultan of Yogyakarta
First reign	2 April 1792 – 31 December 1810
Predecessor	Hamengkubuwono I
Successor	Hamengkubuwono III
Second reign	28 December 1811 – 20 June 1812
Predecessor	Hamengkubuwono III
Successor	Hamengkubuwono III
Third reign	20 September 1826 – 3 January 1828
Predecessor	Hamengkubuwono V
Successor	Hamengkubuwono V
Born	Gusti Raden Mas Sundoro (1750-03-07)7 March 1750 Mount Sindoro, Central Java
Died	3 January 1828(1828-01-03) (aged 77) Yogyakarta
Burial	Kotagede, Yogyakarta
Wives	GKR Kedhaton GKR Hemas GKR Kencono Wulan GKR Sultan GKR Mangkubumi
Issue	Hamengkubuwono III
Regnal name Ngarsa Dalem Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuwun Kanjeng Sultan Hamengkubuwana Senapati-ing-Ngalaga 'Abdurrahman Sayyidin Panatagama Khalifatullah ingkang Jumeneng Kaping Kalih ing Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
House	Mataram
Father	Hamengkubuwono I
Mother	Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kadipaten
Religion	Islam

He succeeded his father, Hamengkubuwono I who died in 1792. After Daendels pressured him, in December 1810, he was forced to abdicate in favour of his son, Raden Mas Surojo^[1] who was made the new sultan, under the name Hamengkubuwono III. However, nearly one year later, in 1811, the English under Stamford Raffles restored him to the throne. However, due to his aggressive behaviour towards the English,^[1] six months later in June 1812, he was deposed and exiled to Penang. He returned to Java in 1815, but in 1817, deeming him as a threat, he was exiled for the second time by the Dutch, this time to Ambon.^[1]

In 1826, the Dutch decided to return him from exile and restored him as the sultan. His third reign coincided with the Java War. On 3 January 1828, he died. He was succeeded by his great-grandson, Hamengkubuwono V. He was buried in Kotagede^[1] instead of the royal graveyard of Imogiri, due to the turbulence at the time.

Family

Queen Consorts

1. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kedhaton
   daughter of Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Purwadiningrat of Magetan.
2. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas
   daughter of Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Pakuningrat and Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Alit. She was a granddaughter of Pakubuwana II by maternal side.
3. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kencana Wulan
   daughter of Ki Bener.
4. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Sultan
   daughter of Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Resagata of Sukawati.

Notable Children

1. Gusti Raden Mas Suraja
   son of GKR. Kedhaton, then Hamengkubuwana III.
2. Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Haryo Mangkudiningrat
   son of GKR Hemas. Great-great-grandfather of Sukarno.
3. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hangger
   daughter of GKR. Kedhaton. Married to Danureja II, Patih Yogyakarta.
4. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Maduratna
   daughter of GKR. Kedhaton. Married to Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Rangga Prawiradirja III of Magetan.
5. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hayu
   daughter of GKR. Kencana Wulan. Married to Paku Alam II of Yogyakarta.
6. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Anom
   daughter of GKR. Kencana Wulan. Married to Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Purwanegara.
7. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Sasi
   daughter of GKR. Kencana Wulan. Married to Danureja III, Patih Yogyakarta.
8. Gusti Pangeran Haryo Mangkubumi / Kanjeng Gusti Panembahan Mangkurat
   son of GKR. Kedhaton. main supporters of Pangeran Diponegoro and one of his commander war in chief.
9. Bendoro Pangeran Haryo Joyokusumo / Bendoro Pangeran Haryo Hangabehi
   son of Bendoro Mas Ayu Sumarsonowati. his maternal side are one of the sultan concubine, whom was Javanese-Chinese ethnic or commonly known as Peranakan Chinese. one of Pangeran Diponegoro beloved uncle and loyal supporters. in Java War he acted as war strategist and battlefield commander

Notable Descendant

1. Diponegoro son of Gusti Raden Mas Suraja. an Indonesian National Hero who resisted Dutch colonial rule during Java War (1825-1830).
2. Sukarno Great-great-grandson of Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Haryo Mangkudiningratson of GKR Hemas. Indonesian Founding Father and the first president of Indonesia.
3. Freya Jayawardana a member of JKT48. in her 17th Birthday, she received a noble title "Raden Roro."