Haplogroup C-M8

Haplogroup C-M8 also known as Haplogroup C1a1 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is one of two branches of Haplogroup C1a, one of the descendants of Haplogroup C-M130.

Haplogroup C-M8 (C1a1)
Migration route of Haplogroup C
Possible time of origin	41,900YBP[1] 51,800YBP[2]
Coalescence age	11,650YBP[3]
Possible place of origin	southeast Asia[4]
Ancestor	(Grandparent) Haplogroup C1a
Defining mutations	M8, M105, M131, P122
Highest frequencies	Jōmon people, Japanese people

Haplogroup migration within East Asia

It has been found in about 6% (2.3% to 16.7%) of modern males sampled in Japan and has been considered to be a Y-DNA haplogroup descended from Jōmon people.^[5][6] Elsewhere, it has been observed among academic studies only in one individual in a sample collected on Jeju Island of South Korea^[7] and in commercial testing in one individual who has reported an origin in Liaoning province of China and one individual who has reported an origin in Seoul, South Korea.^[8]

The MRCA with its sister haplogroup C-V20 dates back to 40,000^[1] to 50,000^[2] years ago. Diffusion of existing subtypes of C-M8 is estimated to have begun about 12,000 years ago.^[3]

C1a1 is found in the Jōmon people and is linked to the Jomon people who came via the southern route.

Frequency in Japan

Frequency in samples of Japanese from various regions:^[6]

• Okinawa 9.0% (4.4%^[9] - 16.7%^[10])^[11]
• Kagawa? 8.5%^[12]
• Tokyo 7.1%^[2]
• Miyazaki 6.5% (0/29 = 0% Misato to 2/8 = 25% Aya, or 28/291 = 9.6% Western Miyazaki, 22/349 = 6.3% Northern Miyazaki, 27/488 = 5.5% Central Miyazaki, 6/141 = 4.3% Southern Miyazaki)^[13]
• Tokushima 6.3% (5.7%^[14] - 10.0%^[3])
• Osaka 6.2%^[6]
• Fukuoka 5.9%^[14]
• Kawasaki 5.6%^[14]
• Shizuoka 4.9%^[3]
• Sapporo 4.1% (3.4%^[14] - 4.6%^[14])
• Kanazawa 4.0% (3.4%^[14] - 4.7%^[14])
• Aomori 3.8% (2.5%^[10] - 7.7%^[3])
• Nagasaki 3.3%^[14]
• Saga 2.3%^[10]

History

Haplogroup C1a1 (M8) is mostly unique to the Japanese archipelago, and its migration route is enigmatic.

C1a1 is estimated to be one of the common haplogroups among the Jōmon people (about 30% or more), next to D1a2a, D1a1, C2, K, and F.^[15]